332 Marine Macro- and Microalgae: An Overview
G
Gelling 146, 147, 149
Genetic engineering 274–276, 283, 286, 287, 291
Genetic resources 315–317
Glaucophyta 6–8
Greenhouse gas (GHG) 22, 26
Green water 301–303
H
Haematococcus 47, 50, 51
Haptophyta 6, 7, 10, 11
harmful algal blooms (HABs) 216, 219
Harvesting 90–93, 96–99, 108, 109, 253, 255–257, 259
husbandry 169, 171
Hydrocolloids 147, 152
hydrogenase 284–290
I
induced plant defences 188
inflammation 202, 206
Inorganic carbon utilization 45
integrated multi-trophic aquaculture 79, 84, 86
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) 21, 235
irradiance 44–46, 49–54
light capture 276, 291
l
Lipids 50, 52, 53, 251–253, 257–259, 262
M
macroalgae 177, 178, 180, 183, 186, 188, 236
mariculture 236, 237
marine toxins 216
matrix metalloproteinases 200
mechanisms 180, 183, 187–189
melanogenesis 201, 202, 211
Metabolic engineering 217, 222, 228
metabolic engineering 217, 222, 228, 321–322
Microalgae 63–74, 90–109, 161, 162, 165–175, 248, 249,
251–260, 262, 263
Microalgae value 308, 315
Microalgal biotechnology 315
Microalgal commercialization 302
mycosporine-like amino acids 209–211
N
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 21
Neuroprotective 130, 131
Nitrogen 44, 45, 48, 49, 52
NMR 155–157
Nutrients 48, 50, 53, 63, 66–69, 71–73
O
Ochrophyta 6–10
oil 274, 275, 277, 282, 283
open raceway ponds 67, 68
Organic carbon utilisation 45, 47
outdoor cultures 46, 53, 54
P
pet feed 172
Phlorotannins 202
Phosphorous 49
photobioreactor 52–54, 65–68, 73, 74
Photo-oxidative stress 202, 210
Photosynthesis 43–48, 50, 53, 54
photosynthetic efficiency 274, 278, 281
Phytoplankton 2, 10, 11
plant pathogens 177–183, 185–186, 190–191
polyculture 236, 237, 242
Polyunsaturated fatty acids 208
productivity 45, 50, 52–54
project design document (PDD) 23
purification 90, 105, 108, 109
R
regulatory constraints 243
Renewable 248–250, 257, 258, 261, 263
Respiration 43, 45, 54
Rhodophyta 6–8, 10, 147
rubisco 279–281, 283, 286, 289
S
Seaweed Aquaculture Beds (SABs) 21
seaweed solution 20–22, 40
seaweeds 235–237, 241, 244
Sedimentation 91–93, 96, 98
separation 90, 92, 97–100, 105, 109
shear-stress 223
Silicon 49
skin ageing 205, 211
Sonication 97, 101–103, 107
space availability 243
spatial planning 242–244
Spirulina 166, 168–171
Stabilizing 149, 153
Strain improvement 316
Sulfated galactans 147
sustainable aquaculture 79, 83
T
terpenoids 200
Theca 218, 224, 228
Thickening 149, 153
Toxin biosynthesis 220
G
Gelling 146, 147, 149
Genetic engineering 274–276, 283, 286, 287, 291
Genetic resources 315–317
Glaucophyta 6–8
Greenhouse gas (GHG) 22, 26
Green water 301–303
H
Haematococcus 47, 50, 51
Haptophyta 6, 7, 10, 11
harmful algal blooms (HABs) 216, 219
Harvesting 90–93, 96–99, 108, 109, 253, 255–257, 259
husbandry 169, 171
Hydrocolloids 147, 152
hydrogenase 284–290
I
induced plant defences 188
inflammation 202, 206
Inorganic carbon utilization 45
integrated multi-trophic aquaculture 79, 84, 86
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) 21, 235
irradiance 44–46, 49–54
light capture 276, 291
l
Lipids 50, 52, 53, 251–253, 257–259, 262
M
macroalgae 177, 178, 180, 183, 186, 188, 236
mariculture 236, 237
marine toxins 216
matrix metalloproteinases 200
mechanisms 180, 183, 187–189
melanogenesis 201, 202, 211
Metabolic engineering 217, 222, 228
metabolic engineering 217, 222, 228, 321–322
Microalgae 63–74, 90–109, 161, 162, 165–175, 248, 249,
251–260, 262, 263
Microalgae value 308, 315
Microalgal biotechnology 315
Microalgal commercialization 302
mycosporine-like amino acids 209–211
N
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 21
Neuroprotective 130, 131
Nitrogen 44, 45, 48, 49, 52
NMR 155–157
Nutrients 48, 50, 53, 63, 66–69, 71–73
O
Ochrophyta 6–10
oil 274, 275, 277, 282, 283
open raceway ponds 67, 68
Organic carbon utilisation 45, 47
outdoor cultures 46, 53, 54
P
pet feed 172
Phlorotannins 202
Phosphorous 49
photobioreactor 52–54, 65–68, 73, 74
Photo-oxidative stress 202, 210
Photosynthesis 43–48, 50, 53, 54
photosynthetic efficiency 274, 278, 281
Phytoplankton 2, 10, 11
plant pathogens 177–183, 185–186, 190–191
polyculture 236, 237, 242
Polyunsaturated fatty acids 208
productivity 45, 50, 52–54
project design document (PDD) 23
purification 90, 105, 108, 109
R
regulatory constraints 243
Renewable 248–250, 257, 258, 261, 263
Respiration 43, 45, 54
Rhodophyta 6–8, 10, 147
rubisco 279–281, 283, 286, 289
S
Seaweed Aquaculture Beds (SABs) 21
seaweed solution 20–22, 40
seaweeds 235–237, 241, 244
Sedimentation 91–93, 96, 98
separation 90, 92, 97–100, 105, 109
shear-stress 223
Silicon 49
skin ageing 205, 211
Sonication 97, 101–103, 107
space availability 243
spatial planning 242–244
Spirulina 166, 168–171
Stabilizing 149, 153
Strain improvement 316
Sulfated galactans 147
sustainable aquaculture 79, 83
T
terpenoids 200
Theca 218, 224, 228
Thickening 149, 153
Toxin biosynthesis 220