240 Marine Macro- and Microalgae: An Overview
Table 3. Biofiltration efficiency of seaweed co-cultivated with other trophic species open sea IMTA systems.
Co-cultured species
Location
Distance
from fed
production
Average
current
(cm s
–1
)
Duration
Production
g
dw
m
2
d
–1
N removal
P removal
References
Ulva rigida
Sparus aurata
Israel
0.5
22.5
45 m
20.2 cm s
–1
12 d (Aug)
16.8% d
–1
(22.5 m)
Korzen et al.
2015
Ulva ohnoi
Pagrus major
Seriolo quinqueradiata
Gokasho Bay, Central
Japan
-
10 cm s
–1
2 wk
4.2–23.6%
4.2–13.9 mg δ
15
N
DW
–1
d
–1
-
Yokoyama and
Ishihi 2010
Gracilaria chilensis
Salmon (species unknown)
Los Lagos, Southern
Chile
100 m
800 m
7.6 (flood)
2.4 (ebb) cm s
–1
Summer
(Jan-Feb)
Autumn
(Mar-Apr)
Max: over 1680 g
m
–1
(800 m from fed
production)
9.3 g N m
–1
mon
–1 A
-
Abreu et al. 2009
Gracilaria chouae
Sparus macrocephalus
Xiangshan Bay, East
China
-
50 to 60 cm s
–1
May to June
(47 d)
7.43 ± 0.37% d
–1
to
8.47 ± 0.41% d
–1
2.10% (dry weight)
0.31%
(dry weight)
Wu et al. 2015
Gracilaria bursa-pastoris
Sparus aurata
Israel
0.5
22.5
45 m
13.6 cm s
–1
14 d (Aug)
Korzen et al 2015
Kappaphycus alvarezii
Litopenaeus vennamei
Ubatuba, S. Paulo,
Brazil
-
-
33 ± 6 d
17.47 ± 5.71 Kg
m
–2
yr
–1
-
-
Lombardi et al.
2006
Gracilaria lemaneiformis
Epinepheleus akkara
E. awoara
Crassostrea gigas
Perna viridis
Shenao Bay Quingdao,
Japan
-
26 d
7.07–11.71% d
–1
Yang et al. 2006
Jiaozhou bay
Quingdao, Japan
-
-
28 d
11.2–13.9% d
–1
Palmaria palmata
Sachharina latissima
Salmon
Badcall bay and
Calbha.
NW Scotland
See in the brown algae section, below
Sanderson et al.
2012
Saccharina latissima
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Ría de Ares y Betanzos,
NW Spain
N/A
N/A
27 Nov–5 Feb
5 Feb–10 Mar
10 Mar–17 Apr
11.37 (Feb)
4.52 (Mar)
2.66% (Apr)
8.3–8-5
7.8
7.8% (δ
15
N)
-
Freitas et al. 2006
Saccharina latissima
Palmaria palmata
Salmon
Badcall bay and
Calbha.
NW Scotland
-
-
4–6 months
27% d
–1
(S.
latissima)
63% d
–1
(P. palata)
-
-
Sanderson et al.
2012
A, Mean N uptake rates based on N content in the thalli.
Table 3. Biofiltration efficiency of seaweed co-cultivated with other trophic species open sea IMTA systems.
Co-cultured species
Location
Distance
from fed
production
Average
current
(cm s
–1
)
Duration
Production
g
dw
m
2
d
–1
N removal
P removal
References
Ulva rigida
Sparus aurata
Israel
0.5
22.5
45 m
20.2 cm s
–1
12 d (Aug)
16.8% d
–1
(22.5 m)
Korzen et al.
2015
Ulva ohnoi
Pagrus major
Seriolo quinqueradiata
Gokasho Bay, Central
Japan
-
10 cm s
–1
2 wk
4.2–23.6%
4.2–13.9 mg δ
15
N
DW
–1
d
–1
-
Yokoyama and
Ishihi 2010
Gracilaria chilensis
Salmon (species unknown)
Los Lagos, Southern
Chile
100 m
800 m
7.6 (flood)
2.4 (ebb) cm s
–1
Summer
(Jan-Feb)
Autumn
(Mar-Apr)
Max: over 1680 g
m
–1
(800 m from fed
production)
9.3 g N m
–1
mon
–1 A
-
Abreu et al. 2009
Gracilaria chouae
Sparus macrocephalus
Xiangshan Bay, East
China
-
50 to 60 cm s
–1
May to June
(47 d)
7.43 ± 0.37% d
–1
to
8.47 ± 0.41% d
–1
2.10% (dry weight)
0.31%
(dry weight)
Wu et al. 2015
Gracilaria bursa-pastoris
Sparus aurata
Israel
0.5
22.5
45 m
13.6 cm s
–1
14 d (Aug)
Korzen et al 2015
Kappaphycus alvarezii
Litopenaeus vennamei
Ubatuba, S. Paulo,
Brazil
-
-
33 ± 6 d
17.47 ± 5.71 Kg
m
–2
yr
–1
-
-
Lombardi et al.
2006
Gracilaria lemaneiformis
Epinepheleus akkara
E. awoara
Crassostrea gigas
Perna viridis
Shenao Bay Quingdao,
Japan
-
26 d
7.07–11.71% d
–1
Yang et al. 2006
Jiaozhou bay
Quingdao, Japan
-
-
28 d
11.2–13.9% d
–1
Palmaria palmata
Sachharina latissima
Salmon
Badcall bay and
Calbha.
NW Scotland
See in the brown algae section, below
Sanderson et al.
2012
Saccharina latissima
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Ría de Ares y Betanzos,
NW Spain
N/A
N/A
27 Nov–5 Feb
5 Feb–10 Mar
10 Mar–17 Apr
11.37 (Feb)
4.52 (Mar)
2.66% (Apr)
8.3–8-5
7.8
7.8% (δ
15
N)
-
Freitas et al. 2006
Saccharina latissima
Palmaria palmata
Salmon
Badcall bay and
Calbha.
NW Scotland
-
-
4–6 months
27% d
–1
(S.
latissima)
63% d
–1
(P. palata)
-
-
Sanderson et al.
2012
A, Mean N uptake rates based on N content in the thalli.