140 Marine Macro- and Microalgae: An Overview
Cian, R.E., R. López-Posadas, S.R. Drago, F. Sánchez de Medina and O. Martínez-Augustin. 2012. A Porphyra columbina
hydrolysate upregulates IL-10 production in rat macrophages and lymphocytes through an NF-κB, and p38 and JNK
dependent mechanism. Food Chem. 134: 1982–1990.
Costa, L., G.P. Fidelis, S.L. Cordeiro, R.M. Oliveira, D.A. Sabry, R.B.G. Câmara, L.T.D.B. Nobre, M.S.S.P. Costa, J. AlmeidaLima, E.H.C. Farias, E.L. Leite and H.A.O. Rocha. 2010. Biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from tropical
seaweeds. Biomed. Pharmacother. 64: 21–28.
Cruz, L.J., J.R. Luque-Ortega, L. Rivas and F. Albericio. 2009. Kahalalide F, an antitumor depsipeptide in clinical trials, and
its analogues as effective antileishmanial agents. Mol. Pharm. 6: 813–824.
Custódio, L., T. Justo, L. Silvestre, A. Barradas, C. Vizetto Duarte, H. Pereira, L. Barreira, A.P. Rauter, F. Alberício and J.
Varela. 2012. Microalgae of different phyla display antioxidant, metal chelating and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory
activities. Food Chem. 131: 134–140.
de Inés, C., V.H. Argandoña, J. Rovirosa, A. San-Martín, A.R. Díaz-Marrero, M. Cueto and A. González-Coloma. 2004.
Cytotoxic activity of halogenated monoterpenes from Plocamium cartilagineum. Z. Naturforsch. 59: 339–344.
Dewick, P.M. 2002. Medicinal natural products: A biosynthetic approach. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Son. Great Britain. 520 p.
Dittmann, E., B.A. Neilan and T. Börner. 2001. Molecular biology of peptide and polyketide biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57: 467–473.
Dmitrenok, A., T. Iwashita, T. Nakajima, B. Sakamoto, M. Namikoshi and H. Nagai. 2006. New cyclic depsipeptides from
the green alga Bryopsis species; application of a carboxypeptidase hydrolysis reaction to the structure determination.
Tetrahedron 62: 1301–1308.
D’Orazio, N., M.A. Gammone, E. Gemello, M. De Girolamo, S. Cusenza and G. Riccioni. 2012. Marine bioactives:
pharmacological properties and potential applications against inflammatory diseases. Mar. Drugs 10: 812–833.
Dore, C.M.P.G., M.G.D.C.F. Alves, L.S.E.P. Will, T.G. Costa, D.A. Sabry, L.A.R.D.S. Rêgo, C.M. Accardo, H.A.O. Rocha,
L.G.A. Filgueira and E.L. Leite. 2012. A sulfated polysaccharide, fucans, isolated from brown algae Sargassum vulgare
with anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflamatory effects. Carbohyd. Polym. (in press).
Dorta, E., M. Cueto, I. Bito and J. Darias. 2002. New terpenoids from the brown alga Stypopodium zonale. J. Nat. Prod. 65:
1727–1730.
Dos Santos, A.O., P. Veiga-Santos, T. Ueda-Nakamura, B.P. Dias-Filho, D.B. Sudatti, E.M. Bianco, R.C. Pereira and C.V.
Nakamura. 2010. Effect of elatol, isolated from red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea, on Leishmania amazonensis. Mar.
Drugs 8: 2733–2743.
Dos Santos, A.O., E. Britta, E.M. Bianco, T. Ueda-Nakamura, B.P. Dias-Filho, R.C. Pereira and C.V. Nakamura. 2011.
4-Acetoxydolastane diterpene from the brazilian brown alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis as antileishmanial agent. Mar.
Drugs 9: 2369–2383.
El Gamal, A.A., W.-L. Wang and C.-Y. Duh. 2005. Sulfur-containing polybromoindoles from the Formosan red alga Laurencia
brongniartii . J. Nat. Prod. 68: 815–817.
El Gamal, A.A. 2010. Biological importance of marine algae. Saudi Pharmaceut. J. 18: 1–25.
Elmore, S. 2007. Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol. Pathol. 35: 495–516.
Fattorusso, E. and O. Taglialatela-Scafati. 2009. Marine antimalarials. Mar Drugs. 7: 130–152.
Felício, R., S. Albuquerque, M.C. Marx Youngc, N.S. Yokoyad and H.M. Debonsia. 2011. Trypanocidal, leishmanicidal
and antifungal potential from marine red alga Bostrychia tenella J. Agardh (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales). J. Pharm.
Biomed. Anal. 52: 763–769.
Fenical, W., J.J. Sims, D. Squatrito, R.M. Wing and P. Radlick. 1973. Marine natural products. VII. Zonarol and isozonarol,
fungitoxic hydroquinones from the brown seaweeds Dictyopteris zonarioides. J. Org. Chem. 38: 2383–2386.
Filho, J., K. Medeiros, M. Diniz, L. Batista, P. Athayde-Filho, M. Silva, E. da-Cunha, J. Almeida and L. Quintans-Júnior. 2006.
Natural products inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Braz. J. Pharmacogn. 16: 258–285.
Folmer, F., M. Jaspars, M. Dicato and M. Diederich. 2008. Marine natural products as targeted modulators of the transcription
factor NF-кB. Biochem. Pharmacol. 75: 603–617.
Fouladvand, M., H. Malekizadeh, A. Barazesh, K. Sartavi and F. Farolkhza. 2011. Evaluation of in vitro anti-leishmanial
activity of some brown, green and red algae from the Persian Gulf. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 15: 597–600.
Freire-Pelegrin, Y., D. Robledo, M.J. Chan-Bacab and B. Ortega-Morales. 2008. Antileishmanial properties of tropical marine
algae extracts. Fitoterapia 79: 374–377.
Fuller, R.W., J.H. Cardellina, Y. Kato, L.S. Brinen, J. Clardy, K.M. Sander and M.R. Boyad. 1992. A pentahalogenated
monoterpene frm the red alga Portieria hornemannii produced a novel cytotoxicity profile against a diverse panel of
human tumor celllin. J. Med. Chem. 35: 3007–3011.
Fuller, R.W., J.H. Cardellina, J. Jurek, P.J. Scheuer, B. Alvarado-Linder, M. McGuier, G.N. Gray, I.R. Steiner, J. Clardy, E.
Menez, R.H. Shoemaker, D.I. Newman, K.M. Sander and M.R. Boyad. 1994. Isolation and structure/activity features
of halomon-related antitumor monoterpenes from the red alga Portieria hornemannii. J. Med. Chem. 37: 4407–4411.
Funk, C.D. 2001. Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Advances in Eicosanoid Biology. Sci. 294: 1871–1875.
Gamal-Eldeen, A.M., E.F. Ahmed and M.A. Abo-Zeid. 2009. In vitro cancer chemopreventive properties of polysaccharide
extract from the brown alga, Sargassum latifolium. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47: 1378-1384.
García-Rocha, M., P. Bonay and J. Avila. 1996. The antitumoral compound Kahalalide F acts on cell lysosomes. Cancer Lett.
99: 43–50.
Gautam, R. and S.M. Jachak. 2009. Recent developments in anti-inflammatory natural products. Med. Res. Rev. 5: 767–820.
Cian, R.E., R. López-Posadas, S.R. Drago, F. Sánchez de Medina and O. Martínez-Augustin. 2012. A Porphyra columbina
hydrolysate upregulates IL-10 production in rat macrophages and lymphocytes through an NF-κB, and p38 and JNK
dependent mechanism. Food Chem. 134: 1982–1990.
Costa, L., G.P. Fidelis, S.L. Cordeiro, R.M. Oliveira, D.A. Sabry, R.B.G. Câmara, L.T.D.B. Nobre, M.S.S.P. Costa, J. AlmeidaLima, E.H.C. Farias, E.L. Leite and H.A.O. Rocha. 2010. Biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from tropical
seaweeds. Biomed. Pharmacother. 64: 21–28.
Cruz, L.J., J.R. Luque-Ortega, L. Rivas and F. Albericio. 2009. Kahalalide F, an antitumor depsipeptide in clinical trials, and
its analogues as effective antileishmanial agents. Mol. Pharm. 6: 813–824.
Custódio, L., T. Justo, L. Silvestre, A. Barradas, C. Vizetto Duarte, H. Pereira, L. Barreira, A.P. Rauter, F. Alberício and J.
Varela. 2012. Microalgae of different phyla display antioxidant, metal chelating and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory
activities. Food Chem. 131: 134–140.
de Inés, C., V.H. Argandoña, J. Rovirosa, A. San-Martín, A.R. Díaz-Marrero, M. Cueto and A. González-Coloma. 2004.
Cytotoxic activity of halogenated monoterpenes from Plocamium cartilagineum. Z. Naturforsch. 59: 339–344.
Dewick, P.M. 2002. Medicinal natural products: A biosynthetic approach. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Son. Great Britain. 520 p.
Dittmann, E., B.A. Neilan and T. Börner. 2001. Molecular biology of peptide and polyketide biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57: 467–473.
Dmitrenok, A., T. Iwashita, T. Nakajima, B. Sakamoto, M. Namikoshi and H. Nagai. 2006. New cyclic depsipeptides from
the green alga Bryopsis species; application of a carboxypeptidase hydrolysis reaction to the structure determination.
Tetrahedron 62: 1301–1308.
D’Orazio, N., M.A. Gammone, E. Gemello, M. De Girolamo, S. Cusenza and G. Riccioni. 2012. Marine bioactives:
pharmacological properties and potential applications against inflammatory diseases. Mar. Drugs 10: 812–833.
Dore, C.M.P.G., M.G.D.C.F. Alves, L.S.E.P. Will, T.G. Costa, D.A. Sabry, L.A.R.D.S. Rêgo, C.M. Accardo, H.A.O. Rocha,
L.G.A. Filgueira and E.L. Leite. 2012. A sulfated polysaccharide, fucans, isolated from brown algae Sargassum vulgare
with anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflamatory effects. Carbohyd. Polym. (in press).
Dorta, E., M. Cueto, I. Bito and J. Darias. 2002. New terpenoids from the brown alga Stypopodium zonale. J. Nat. Prod. 65:
1727–1730.
Dos Santos, A.O., P. Veiga-Santos, T. Ueda-Nakamura, B.P. Dias-Filho, D.B. Sudatti, E.M. Bianco, R.C. Pereira and C.V.
Nakamura. 2010. Effect of elatol, isolated from red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea, on Leishmania amazonensis. Mar.
Drugs 8: 2733–2743.
Dos Santos, A.O., E. Britta, E.M. Bianco, T. Ueda-Nakamura, B.P. Dias-Filho, R.C. Pereira and C.V. Nakamura. 2011.
4-Acetoxydolastane diterpene from the brazilian brown alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis as antileishmanial agent. Mar.
Drugs 9: 2369–2383.
El Gamal, A.A., W.-L. Wang and C.-Y. Duh. 2005. Sulfur-containing polybromoindoles from the Formosan red alga Laurencia
brongniartii . J. Nat. Prod. 68: 815–817.
El Gamal, A.A. 2010. Biological importance of marine algae. Saudi Pharmaceut. J. 18: 1–25.
Elmore, S. 2007. Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol. Pathol. 35: 495–516.
Fattorusso, E. and O. Taglialatela-Scafati. 2009. Marine antimalarials. Mar Drugs. 7: 130–152.
Felício, R., S. Albuquerque, M.C. Marx Youngc, N.S. Yokoyad and H.M. Debonsia. 2011. Trypanocidal, leishmanicidal
and antifungal potential from marine red alga Bostrychia tenella J. Agardh (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales). J. Pharm.
Biomed. Anal. 52: 763–769.
Fenical, W., J.J. Sims, D. Squatrito, R.M. Wing and P. Radlick. 1973. Marine natural products. VII. Zonarol and isozonarol,
fungitoxic hydroquinones from the brown seaweeds Dictyopteris zonarioides. J. Org. Chem. 38: 2383–2386.
Filho, J., K. Medeiros, M. Diniz, L. Batista, P. Athayde-Filho, M. Silva, E. da-Cunha, J. Almeida and L. Quintans-Júnior. 2006.
Natural products inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Braz. J. Pharmacogn. 16: 258–285.
Folmer, F., M. Jaspars, M. Dicato and M. Diederich. 2008. Marine natural products as targeted modulators of the transcription
factor NF-кB. Biochem. Pharmacol. 75: 603–617.
Fouladvand, M., H. Malekizadeh, A. Barazesh, K. Sartavi and F. Farolkhza. 2011. Evaluation of in vitro anti-leishmanial
activity of some brown, green and red algae from the Persian Gulf. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 15: 597–600.
Freire-Pelegrin, Y., D. Robledo, M.J. Chan-Bacab and B. Ortega-Morales. 2008. Antileishmanial properties of tropical marine
algae extracts. Fitoterapia 79: 374–377.
Fuller, R.W., J.H. Cardellina, Y. Kato, L.S. Brinen, J. Clardy, K.M. Sander and M.R. Boyad. 1992. A pentahalogenated
monoterpene frm the red alga Portieria hornemannii produced a novel cytotoxicity profile against a diverse panel of
human tumor celllin. J. Med. Chem. 35: 3007–3011.
Fuller, R.W., J.H. Cardellina, J. Jurek, P.J. Scheuer, B. Alvarado-Linder, M. McGuier, G.N. Gray, I.R. Steiner, J. Clardy, E.
Menez, R.H. Shoemaker, D.I. Newman, K.M. Sander and M.R. Boyad. 1994. Isolation and structure/activity features
of halomon-related antitumor monoterpenes from the red alga Portieria hornemannii. J. Med. Chem. 37: 4407–4411.
Funk, C.D. 2001. Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Advances in Eicosanoid Biology. Sci. 294: 1871–1875.
Gamal-Eldeen, A.M., E.F. Ahmed and M.A. Abo-Zeid. 2009. In vitro cancer chemopreventive properties of polysaccharide
extract from the brown alga, Sargassum latifolium. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47: 1378-1384.
García-Rocha, M., P. Bonay and J. Avila. 1996. The antitumoral compound Kahalalide F acts on cell lysosomes. Cancer Lett.
99: 43–50.
Gautam, R. and S.M. Jachak. 2009. Recent developments in anti-inflammatory natural products. Med. Res. Rev. 5: 767–820.