Inversion of Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations
311
S.-M. Fan, M. Gloor, J. Mahlman, S. Pacala, J. Sarmiento, T. Takahashi, and P. Tans. A large
terrestrial carbon sink in North America implied by atmospheric and oceanic carbon
dioxide data and models. Science, 282:442–446, 1998.
S.-M. Fan, J. L. Sarmiento, M. Gloor, and S. W. Pacala. On the use of regularization techniques
in the inverse modeling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Geophys. Res., 104D:21503–
21512, 1999.
R. J. Francey and L. P. Steele. Measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide—the calibration challenge. Accred. Qual. Assur., 8:200–204, doi: 10.1007/s00769–003–0620–1, 2003.
R. J. Francey, P. P. Tans, C. E. Allison, I. G. Enting, J. W. C. White, and M. Trolier. Changes in
oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982. Nature, 373:326–330, 1995.
P. Friedlingstein. Climate-carbon cycle interactions. In C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach, editors, The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate and the Natural World,
Chapter 10, pp. 217–224. Island Press, Washington, DC, 2004.
P. Friedlingstein, P. Cox, R. Betts, L. Bopp, W. von Bloh, V. Brovkin, P. Cadul et al. Climatecarbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from the C4MIP model intercomparison.
J. Clim., 19:3337–3353, 2006.
I. Fung, P. Rayner, P. Friedlingstein, and D. Sahagian. Full-form earth-system models: Coupled
carbon-climate interaction experiment (the ‘fl ying leap’). Glob. Change Newslett.,
41:7–8, 2000.
I. Y. Fung, C. J. Tucker, and K. C. Prentice. Application of advanced very high resolution radiometer vegetation index to study atmosphere–biosphere exchange of CO 2 . J. Geophys.
Res., 92D:2999–3015, 1987.
I. Y. Fung, J. John, J. Lerner, E. Matthews, M. Prather, L. P. Steele, and P. J. Fraser. Threedimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 96D:13033–
13065, 1991.
A. Gelb, editor. Applied Optimal Estimation. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974.
R. Giering. Tangent linear and adjoint biogeochemical models. In Kasibhatla et al. (2000),
pp. 33–48.
Global Carbon Project. Science framework and implementation, 2003. GCP Report no. 1.
A. Griewank. Evaluating Derivatives: Principles and Techniques of Algorithmic Differentiation.
SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, A.S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler
et al. Towards robust regional estimates of CO 2 sources and sinks using atmospheric
transport models. Nature, 415:626–630, 2002.
K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler
et al. TransCom 3 CO 2 inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and
sensitivity to transport and prior fl ux information. Tellus, 55B:555–579, 2003.
K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, B. C. Pak, D. Baker, P. Bousquet
et al. TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation
of seasonal carbon sources and sinks. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 18:1010, 2004,
doi:10.1029/2003GB002111.
K. R. Gurney, D. Baker, P. Rayner, and S. Denning. Interannual variations in continental-scale
net carbon exchange and sensitivity to observing networks estmated from atmospheric
CO 2 inversions for the period 1980–2005. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 22:GB3025, 2008
doi: 10,1029/2007/GB003082.
D. E. Haas-Laursen, D. E. Hartley, and R. G. Prinn. Optimizing an inverse method to deduce
time-varying emissions of trace gases. J. Geophys. Res., 101D:22823–22831, 1996.
M. Hardt and F. Scherbaum. The design of optimum networks for aftershock recordings.
Geophys. J. Int., 117:716–726, 1994.
D. Hartley and R. Prinn. Feasibility of determining surface emissions of trace gases using
an inverse method in a three-dimensional chemical transport model. J. Geophys. Res.,
98D:5183–5197, 1993.
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
311
S.-M. Fan, M. Gloor, J. Mahlman, S. Pacala, J. Sarmiento, T. Takahashi, and P. Tans. A large
terrestrial carbon sink in North America implied by atmospheric and oceanic carbon
dioxide data and models. Science, 282:442–446, 1998.
S.-M. Fan, J. L. Sarmiento, M. Gloor, and S. W. Pacala. On the use of regularization techniques
in the inverse modeling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Geophys. Res., 104D:21503–
21512, 1999.
R. J. Francey and L. P. Steele. Measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide—the calibration challenge. Accred. Qual. Assur., 8:200–204, doi: 10.1007/s00769–003–0620–1, 2003.
R. J. Francey, P. P. Tans, C. E. Allison, I. G. Enting, J. W. C. White, and M. Trolier. Changes in
oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982. Nature, 373:326–330, 1995.
P. Friedlingstein. Climate-carbon cycle interactions. In C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach, editors, The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate and the Natural World,
Chapter 10, pp. 217–224. Island Press, Washington, DC, 2004.
P. Friedlingstein, P. Cox, R. Betts, L. Bopp, W. von Bloh, V. Brovkin, P. Cadul et al. Climatecarbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from the C4MIP model intercomparison.
J. Clim., 19:3337–3353, 2006.
I. Fung, P. Rayner, P. Friedlingstein, and D. Sahagian. Full-form earth-system models: Coupled
carbon-climate interaction experiment (the ‘fl ying leap’). Glob. Change Newslett.,
41:7–8, 2000.
I. Y. Fung, C. J. Tucker, and K. C. Prentice. Application of advanced very high resolution radiometer vegetation index to study atmosphere–biosphere exchange of CO 2 . J. Geophys.
Res., 92D:2999–3015, 1987.
I. Y. Fung, J. John, J. Lerner, E. Matthews, M. Prather, L. P. Steele, and P. J. Fraser. Threedimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 96D:13033–
13065, 1991.
A. Gelb, editor. Applied Optimal Estimation. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974.
R. Giering. Tangent linear and adjoint biogeochemical models. In Kasibhatla et al. (2000),
pp. 33–48.
Global Carbon Project. Science framework and implementation, 2003. GCP Report no. 1.
A. Griewank. Evaluating Derivatives: Principles and Techniques of Algorithmic Differentiation.
SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, A.S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler
et al. Towards robust regional estimates of CO 2 sources and sinks using atmospheric
transport models. Nature, 415:626–630, 2002.
K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, D. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler
et al. TransCom 3 CO 2 inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and
sensitivity to transport and prior fl ux information. Tellus, 55B:555–579, 2003.
K. R. Gurney, R. M. Law, A. S. Denning, P. J. Rayner, B. C. Pak, D. Baker, P. Bousquet
et al. TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation
of seasonal carbon sources and sinks. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 18:1010, 2004,
doi:10.1029/2003GB002111.
K. R. Gurney, D. Baker, P. Rayner, and S. Denning. Interannual variations in continental-scale
net carbon exchange and sensitivity to observing networks estmated from atmospheric
CO 2 inversions for the period 1980–2005. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 22:GB3025, 2008
doi: 10,1029/2007/GB003082.
D. E. Haas-Laursen, D. E. Hartley, and R. G. Prinn. Optimizing an inverse method to deduce
time-varying emissions of trace gases. J. Geophys. Res., 101D:22823–22831, 1996.
M. Hardt and F. Scherbaum. The design of optimum networks for aftershock recordings.
Geophys. J. Int., 117:716–726, 1994.
D. Hartley and R. Prinn. Feasibility of determining surface emissions of trace gases using
an inverse method in a three-dimensional chemical transport model. J. Geophys. Res.,
98D:5183–5197, 1993.
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC