310
Malaria, 195, 198
Malathion
effect on crop yield, 282
as food protectant, 244-247, 278
for forest pests, 177
use in forest spray programs, 163, 165
hydrolysis, 8, 41
as a larvicide, 214-215
manufacture of, 245
persistence, 271-272
resistance, 199
in spray chamber tests, 172
toxicity to animals, 288-290
toxicity to fish, 286
toxicity to man, 292-293
toxicity to wildlife, 287
at Ultra-low-volume application, 217-219
Malonyl CoA transferase, 45
Mating disruption, 252
MBC,146
Mercapturic acid, 15
Metabolism in plants, 22
Metabolism of p-nitrophenol, 99
Metarrhizium anisopliae, 210
Methomyl
biodegradation by microorganisms, 267
in forest spray programs, 163-164
isomerization, 11
in spray chamber tests, 172
toxicity, 171
Methoprene, for control of stored-product pest,
249
Methyl bromide, 242
Methylcobalamine, 73
Methyl tin derivatives, 137
Mfo in plants, 29
Microbial degradation of herbicides, 125
Mineral constituents affecting pesticide
residues, 107
Mosquito control
with bacterial pathogens, 209
with diflubenzuron, 223
by fungi, 210
by insect predators, 209
with insect growth regulators, 221
with insecticides, 213
with methoprene, 223
by nematodes, 212
by protozoa, 211
with source reduction, 203
with synthetic pyrethroids, 219
Mosquitoes
abatement, 203
biocontrol agents, 207
in California, 196
controlled-release formulations, 216
ecological competition, 206
Florida, 197
integrated pest management, 201
salt marsh, 204
treehole, 206
Index
N-acetylation in microorganisms, 80
N-dealkylation reaction in plants, 32
Nematodes as mosquito controlling agents, 212
Nitrosation
carbamates, 12
ureas, 12
Nonbiodegradation of herbicides, 126
Nonenzymatic degradation, 72
Nosema aigerae, 207,211
Organic matter affecting pesticide persistence,
105
Orgyia pseudotsugata, 159
Oxidase-catalyzed hydrolysis in plant, 32
~-Oxidation, 78
Oxidation in plants, 24
Oxidation-reduction reactions, 10
Oxidative degradation of PCB, 78
Oxidative metabolism in plants
a1dicarb, 30
carbaryl, 29
Croneton®, 29
Dyfonate®, 29
EPfC, 30
phorate, 30
Oxidative reactions in microorganisms, 77
PAPS, 12
Paraquat
oral LD5Q, 118-120
oxidation, 84
soil application, 275
toxicity to animals, 290-291
toxicity to man, 292
Parathion
degradation in flooded soil, 97-98, 105,
107-110, 267-268
degradation through a ring operation, 78
desulfuration, 6
half-life in flooded soil, 104
Malaria, 195, 198
Malathion
effect on crop yield, 282
as food protectant, 244-247, 278
for forest pests, 177
use in forest spray programs, 163, 165
hydrolysis, 8, 41
as a larvicide, 214-215
manufacture of, 245
persistence, 271-272
resistance, 199
in spray chamber tests, 172
toxicity to animals, 288-290
toxicity to fish, 286
toxicity to man, 292-293
toxicity to wildlife, 287
at Ultra-low-volume application, 217-219
Malonyl CoA transferase, 45
Mating disruption, 252
MBC,146
Mercapturic acid, 15
Metabolism in plants, 22
Metabolism of p-nitrophenol, 99
Metarrhizium anisopliae, 210
Methomyl
biodegradation by microorganisms, 267
in forest spray programs, 163-164
isomerization, 11
in spray chamber tests, 172
toxicity, 171
Methoprene, for control of stored-product pest,
249
Methyl bromide, 242
Methylcobalamine, 73
Methyl tin derivatives, 137
Mfo in plants, 29
Microbial degradation of herbicides, 125
Mineral constituents affecting pesticide
residues, 107
Mosquito control
with bacterial pathogens, 209
with diflubenzuron, 223
by fungi, 210
by insect predators, 209
with insect growth regulators, 221
with insecticides, 213
with methoprene, 223
by nematodes, 212
by protozoa, 211
with source reduction, 203
with synthetic pyrethroids, 219
Mosquitoes
abatement, 203
biocontrol agents, 207
in California, 196
controlled-release formulations, 216
ecological competition, 206
Florida, 197
integrated pest management, 201
salt marsh, 204
treehole, 206
Index
N-acetylation in microorganisms, 80
N-dealkylation reaction in plants, 32
Nematodes as mosquito controlling agents, 212
Nitrosation
carbamates, 12
ureas, 12
Nonbiodegradation of herbicides, 126
Nonenzymatic degradation, 72
Nosema aigerae, 207,211
Organic matter affecting pesticide persistence,
105
Orgyia pseudotsugata, 159
Oxidase-catalyzed hydrolysis in plant, 32
~-Oxidation, 78
Oxidation in plants, 24
Oxidation-reduction reactions, 10
Oxidative degradation of PCB, 78
Oxidative metabolism in plants
a1dicarb, 30
carbaryl, 29
Croneton®, 29
Dyfonate®, 29
EPfC, 30
phorate, 30
Oxidative reactions in microorganisms, 77
PAPS, 12
Paraquat
oral LD5Q, 118-120
oxidation, 84
soil application, 275
toxicity to animals, 290-291
toxicity to man, 292
Parathion
degradation in flooded soil, 97-98, 105,
107-110, 267-268
degradation through a ring operation, 78
desulfuration, 6
half-life in flooded soil, 104