Microbial Degradation of Pesticides in Tropical Soils
111
REFERENCES
Adhya, T. K., Sudhakar-Barik, and Sethunathan, N., 1981a, Stability of selected organophosphorus
insecticides in anaerobic soils, J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:90.
Adhya, T. K., Sudhakar-Barik, and Sethunathan, N., 1981b, Hydrolysis of selected organophosphorus insecticides by two bacteria isolated from flooded soils, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 50:167.
Adhya, T. K., Sudhakar-Barik, and Sethunathan, N., 1981c, Fate offenitrothion, methyl parathion
and parathion in anoxic sulfur-containing soil systems, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 16:14.
Agnihothrudu, V., and Mithyantha, M. S., 1978, Pesticide Residues: A Review of Indian Work,
Rallis India Limited, Bangalore, India.
Alexander, M., 1965, Biodegradation: Problems of molecular recalcitrance and microbial fallibility,
Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 7:35.
Aly, O. M., and EI-Dib, M. A., 1972, Studies of the persistence of some carbamate insecticides
in the aquatic environment, Adv. Chem. Ser. 111:210.
Anonymous, 1966, Annual Report of the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, p. 198.
Anonymous, I 979a, A status report of R&D work done in India, in: Indo-US Workshop on
Biodegradable Pesticides, p. 69, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi.
Anonymous, 1979b, Pestic. Inf. (India) 5(2):29.
Aquino, G. B., and Pathak, M. D., 1976, Enhanced absorption and persistence of carbofuran and
chlordimeform in rice plant on root zone application under flooded conditions, J. Econ. Entomol.
69:686.
Audus, L. J., 1951, The biological detoxification of hormone herbicides in soil, Pklnt Soil 3:170.
Balasubramanya, R. H., 1977, Microbial metabolism and behaviour in soil of two carboxanilide
fungicides, p. 206, Ph.D. thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Balasubramanya, R. H., Patil, R. B., Bhat, M. V., and Nagendrappa, G., 1980, Degradation of
carboxin (Vitavax) and oxycarboxin (Plantvax) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil,
J. Environ. Sci. Health 158:485.
Beland, F. A., Farwell, S. 0., Robocker, A. E., and Geer, R. D., 1976, Electrochemical reduction
and anaerobic degradation of lindane, J. Agric. Food Chem. 24:753.
Bindra, O. S., and Kalra, R. L., 1973, Progress and Problems in Pesticide-Residue Analysis, p.
336, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, and Indian Council of Agricultural Research,
New Delhi, India.
Block, A. M., and Newland, L. W., 1975, Molecular orbital calculations for the isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6hexachlorocyclohexane, in: Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement II. Pesticides (F.
Coulston, N. Y. Albany, and F. Korte, eds.), p. 569, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart.
Castro, T. F., and Yoshida, T., 1971, Degradation of organochlorine insecticides in flooded soils
in the Philippines, J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:1168.
Castro, T. F., and Yoshida, T., 1974, Effect of organic matter on the biodegradation of some
organochlorine insecticides in submerged soils, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo) 20:363.
Chawla, R. P., and Chopra, S. L., 1967, Persistence of residues of DDT and BHC in normal and
alkali soils, J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. 4:96.
Cho, D. Y., and Ponnamperuma, F. N., 1971, Influence of soil temperature on the chemical kinetics
of flooded soils and the growth of rice, Soil Sci. 112:184.
Craig, P. J., and Bartlett, P. D., 1978, The role of hydrogen sulphide in environmental transport
of mercury, Nature (London) 275:635.
Faust, S. D., and Gomaa, H. M., 1972, Chemical hydrolysis of some organic phosphorus and
carbamate pesticides in aquatic environments, Environ. Lett. 3: 171.
Fullmer, O. H., 1977, Report on Carbofuran, FMC Corporation, Agricultural Chemical Division,
Richmond, California.
111
REFERENCES
Adhya, T. K., Sudhakar-Barik, and Sethunathan, N., 1981a, Stability of selected organophosphorus
insecticides in anaerobic soils, J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:90.
Adhya, T. K., Sudhakar-Barik, and Sethunathan, N., 1981b, Hydrolysis of selected organophosphorus insecticides by two bacteria isolated from flooded soils, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 50:167.
Adhya, T. K., Sudhakar-Barik, and Sethunathan, N., 1981c, Fate offenitrothion, methyl parathion
and parathion in anoxic sulfur-containing soil systems, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 16:14.
Agnihothrudu, V., and Mithyantha, M. S., 1978, Pesticide Residues: A Review of Indian Work,
Rallis India Limited, Bangalore, India.
Alexander, M., 1965, Biodegradation: Problems of molecular recalcitrance and microbial fallibility,
Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 7:35.
Aly, O. M., and EI-Dib, M. A., 1972, Studies of the persistence of some carbamate insecticides
in the aquatic environment, Adv. Chem. Ser. 111:210.
Anonymous, 1966, Annual Report of the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, p. 198.
Anonymous, I 979a, A status report of R&D work done in India, in: Indo-US Workshop on
Biodegradable Pesticides, p. 69, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi.
Anonymous, 1979b, Pestic. Inf. (India) 5(2):29.
Aquino, G. B., and Pathak, M. D., 1976, Enhanced absorption and persistence of carbofuran and
chlordimeform in rice plant on root zone application under flooded conditions, J. Econ. Entomol.
69:686.
Audus, L. J., 1951, The biological detoxification of hormone herbicides in soil, Pklnt Soil 3:170.
Balasubramanya, R. H., 1977, Microbial metabolism and behaviour in soil of two carboxanilide
fungicides, p. 206, Ph.D. thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Balasubramanya, R. H., Patil, R. B., Bhat, M. V., and Nagendrappa, G., 1980, Degradation of
carboxin (Vitavax) and oxycarboxin (Plantvax) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil,
J. Environ. Sci. Health 158:485.
Beland, F. A., Farwell, S. 0., Robocker, A. E., and Geer, R. D., 1976, Electrochemical reduction
and anaerobic degradation of lindane, J. Agric. Food Chem. 24:753.
Bindra, O. S., and Kalra, R. L., 1973, Progress and Problems in Pesticide-Residue Analysis, p.
336, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, and Indian Council of Agricultural Research,
New Delhi, India.
Block, A. M., and Newland, L. W., 1975, Molecular orbital calculations for the isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6hexachlorocyclohexane, in: Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement II. Pesticides (F.
Coulston, N. Y. Albany, and F. Korte, eds.), p. 569, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart.
Castro, T. F., and Yoshida, T., 1971, Degradation of organochlorine insecticides in flooded soils
in the Philippines, J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:1168.
Castro, T. F., and Yoshida, T., 1974, Effect of organic matter on the biodegradation of some
organochlorine insecticides in submerged soils, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo) 20:363.
Chawla, R. P., and Chopra, S. L., 1967, Persistence of residues of DDT and BHC in normal and
alkali soils, J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. 4:96.
Cho, D. Y., and Ponnamperuma, F. N., 1971, Influence of soil temperature on the chemical kinetics
of flooded soils and the growth of rice, Soil Sci. 112:184.
Craig, P. J., and Bartlett, P. D., 1978, The role of hydrogen sulphide in environmental transport
of mercury, Nature (London) 275:635.
Faust, S. D., and Gomaa, H. M., 1972, Chemical hydrolysis of some organic phosphorus and
carbamate pesticides in aquatic environments, Environ. Lett. 3: 171.
Fullmer, O. H., 1977, Report on Carbofuran, FMC Corporation, Agricultural Chemical Division,
Richmond, California.