Relative Importance of Non-Point Sources of Mercury
219
which is not buried in bottom sediments will depend on methylation processes
inside the Bay and on the Hg species dissolved in the Bay waters, which are
presently unknown.
Mercury mass balance in Sepetiba Bay and basin is clearly dominated by nonpoint sources, including exportation from another basin. The identification of the
relative importance of such sources however, is only the first step in controlling
and monitoring Hg contamination from complexes industrial/urban situations.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the attention and the analytical support by OQI/
CETEM/CNPq, and the analysts G. Gon~alves and E. Paiva. Financial support for the present work
were from FAPERJ and UFF, and grants from the CNPq and CAPES, Brazil, to the two first authors
respectively. Two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript.
References
ABES (1983) Catalago brasileiro de engenharia sanitaria. Associa~ao Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitaria
e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, p 165
Annema JA, Booij H, Ros JPM (1993) Emission and emission factors of heavy metals in The
Netherlands. Proc 9th Int Conf Heavy Metals Environment, CEP Consultants, Toronto, pp 267-270
Barcellos C (1995) Biogeodiniimica de Cd e Zn na Baia de Sepetiba. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal
Fluminense, Niteroi, 212 pp
Barcellos C, Lacerda LO (1994) Cadmium and zinc source assessment in the Sepetiba Bay and Basin.
Environ Monit Assess 29:183-199
Behrendt H (1993) Separation of point and diffuse loads of pollutants using monitoring data of rivers.
Water Sci Technol 28:165-175
Brosset C (1987) The behavior of mercury in the physical environment. Water Air Soil Pollut 34:145166
Chu P, Porcella 0 (1995) Mercury stack filter emissions from u.S. electric utility power plants. Water
Air Soil Pollut 80:135-144
Cundy AB, Croudance IW (1995) Sedimentary and geological variations in a salt marsh: mud flat
environment from meso tidal Hamble estuary, southern England. Mar Chem 51:115-132
EPA (1993) Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of mercury and mercury compounds.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 333 pp
FEEMA (1989) Qualidade de aguas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 1987-1989. Vol IV, Baia de Guanabara
e Sepetiba. Funda~ao Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente, Rio de Janeiro, 297 pp
Fleister M, Sarofin AF, Fasset DW, Hamman P, Shacklette HT, Nisbet CT, Epstein S (1984)
Environmental impact of cadmium: a review. Environ Health Perspecl 7:253-323
Forte CMS (1996) Determina~ao das taxas de sedimenta~iio na por~ao nordeste da Baia de Sepetiba
utilizando data~iio com 0 radioisotopo '"°Pb em excesso. MSc Oiss, Univ Fed Fluminense, Niteroi, p
82
Gobeil C, Cossa D (1993) Mercury inputs to SI Laurence estuary. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:1794-1797
Hutton MC, Symons C (1986) The quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the U.K.
environment from human activities. Sci Total Environ 57:129-150
Iverfeldt A (1991) Occurrence and turnover of atmospheric mercury over the Nordic countries. Water
Air Soil Pollut 56:261-266
Johnson MG (1987) Trace lement loadings to sediments of fourteen Ontario Lakes and correlations
with concentrations in fish. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44:3-13
Kehrig HA (1995) Estudo da contamina~iio por mercurio em corvinas (Micropogonias fumierii) em
quatro areas costeiras do Brazil. MSc Thesis, Pontificia Universidade Catolica, Rio de Janeiro, p 132
Krom MD, Kaufman A, Hornung H (1994) Industrial mercury in combination with natural Pb"OO as
time-dependent tracers of sedimentation and mercury removal from Haifa Bay, Israel. Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Sci 38:625-642
219
which is not buried in bottom sediments will depend on methylation processes
inside the Bay and on the Hg species dissolved in the Bay waters, which are
presently unknown.
Mercury mass balance in Sepetiba Bay and basin is clearly dominated by nonpoint sources, including exportation from another basin. The identification of the
relative importance of such sources however, is only the first step in controlling
and monitoring Hg contamination from complexes industrial/urban situations.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the attention and the analytical support by OQI/
CETEM/CNPq, and the analysts G. Gon~alves and E. Paiva. Financial support for the present work
were from FAPERJ and UFF, and grants from the CNPq and CAPES, Brazil, to the two first authors
respectively. Two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript.
References
ABES (1983) Catalago brasileiro de engenharia sanitaria. Associa~ao Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitaria
e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, p 165
Annema JA, Booij H, Ros JPM (1993) Emission and emission factors of heavy metals in The
Netherlands. Proc 9th Int Conf Heavy Metals Environment, CEP Consultants, Toronto, pp 267-270
Barcellos C (1995) Biogeodiniimica de Cd e Zn na Baia de Sepetiba. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal
Fluminense, Niteroi, 212 pp
Barcellos C, Lacerda LO (1994) Cadmium and zinc source assessment in the Sepetiba Bay and Basin.
Environ Monit Assess 29:183-199
Behrendt H (1993) Separation of point and diffuse loads of pollutants using monitoring data of rivers.
Water Sci Technol 28:165-175
Brosset C (1987) The behavior of mercury in the physical environment. Water Air Soil Pollut 34:145166
Chu P, Porcella 0 (1995) Mercury stack filter emissions from u.S. electric utility power plants. Water
Air Soil Pollut 80:135-144
Cundy AB, Croudance IW (1995) Sedimentary and geological variations in a salt marsh: mud flat
environment from meso tidal Hamble estuary, southern England. Mar Chem 51:115-132
EPA (1993) Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of mercury and mercury compounds.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 333 pp
FEEMA (1989) Qualidade de aguas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 1987-1989. Vol IV, Baia de Guanabara
e Sepetiba. Funda~ao Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente, Rio de Janeiro, 297 pp
Fleister M, Sarofin AF, Fasset DW, Hamman P, Shacklette HT, Nisbet CT, Epstein S (1984)
Environmental impact of cadmium: a review. Environ Health Perspecl 7:253-323
Forte CMS (1996) Determina~ao das taxas de sedimenta~iio na por~ao nordeste da Baia de Sepetiba
utilizando data~iio com 0 radioisotopo '"°Pb em excesso. MSc Oiss, Univ Fed Fluminense, Niteroi, p
82
Gobeil C, Cossa D (1993) Mercury inputs to SI Laurence estuary. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:1794-1797
Hutton MC, Symons C (1986) The quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the U.K.
environment from human activities. Sci Total Environ 57:129-150
Iverfeldt A (1991) Occurrence and turnover of atmospheric mercury over the Nordic countries. Water
Air Soil Pollut 56:261-266
Johnson MG (1987) Trace lement loadings to sediments of fourteen Ontario Lakes and correlations
with concentrations in fish. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44:3-13
Kehrig HA (1995) Estudo da contamina~iio por mercurio em corvinas (Micropogonias fumierii) em
quatro areas costeiras do Brazil. MSc Thesis, Pontificia Universidade Catolica, Rio de Janeiro, p 132
Krom MD, Kaufman A, Hornung H (1994) Industrial mercury in combination with natural Pb"OO as
time-dependent tracers of sedimentation and mercury removal from Haifa Bay, Israel. Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Sci 38:625-642