530
M.G. McGarry, CD. Lin and J.L. Merto
deleterious effects on the water environment. In terms of opportunity costs, conventional
secondary treatment of wastewaters is expensive as it does not normally provide for
visible returns on investment. Economic recovery and recycle of waste materials are
means of reducing treatment costs and protecting the environment. The high rate
oxidation pond is viewed as having potential as a method of wastewater treatment and
resource conservation in Asia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Mr. S.M.A. Durrani, Mr. T. Gallo and Drs. H.D. Payer and
P. Rachapaetyakorn for their assistance in this research. Poultry feeding trials were
conducted by the Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. This
project was supported by the Asian Institute of Technology, The Applied Scientific
Research Corporation of Thailand, The Canadian International Development Agency, the
Bangkok Sewerage and Drainage Planning Committee and the Refuse and Nightsoil
Disposal Organization of Bangkok.
REFERENCES
1 COMBS, G.F., "Algae (Chlorella) as a source of nutrient for the chick". Science 116 453-454
(1952).
2 GOLUEKE, CG., and OSWALD, W.J., "Harvesting and processing sewage-grown planktonic
algae", Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 37 471-498 (1965).
3 HINTZ, H.F., HEITMAN, H., WEIR, W.C, TORELL, D.T., and MEYER, J.H., "Nutritive value of
algae grown on sewage". Journal of Animal Science 25 No. 3. 675-681 (1966).
4 KOCI, E., PETER, V., and KOCI, S., "Use of dried algae as a substitute for fishmeal and soyabean
oilmeal in feed mixtures for fattening chickens". Zivoc Vyr 9 569-578. (as seen in Nutritional
Abstracts Review 35 542, 1965) (1964).
5 LIN, CD., "Study of mass algal culture growth limiting factors". M.Eng. Thesis. Asian Institute of
Technology, Bangkok, (1971).
6 McGARRY, M.G., "Algal flocculation with aluminium sulphate and polyelectrolytes". Journal
Water Pollution Control Federation 42 No. 5, R191-201 (1970).
7 McGARRY, M.G., "Water and protein reclamation from sewage". Process Biochemistry 6 No. 1,
50-53 (1971).
8 McGARRY, M.G. and TONGKASAME, C , "Water reclamation and algae harvesting". Journal
Water Pollution Control Federation 43 No. 5, 824-835, (1971).
9 OSWALD, W.J., GOLUEKE, CG., COOPER, R.C., MEYERS, J.H., HINTZ, H. and GEE, H.K.,
"Nutritional and disease transmitting potential of sewage grown algae". SERL Reports No. 64-6,
College of Engineering and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (1964).
10 OSWALD, W.J. and GOLUEKE, CG., "Large scale production of algae". In Single-Cell Protein
(Edited by Mateles, R.I. and Tannenbaum, S.R.) The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass, (1968).
11 RACHAPAETYAKORN, P. and McGARRY, M.G., "The use of sewage grown algae to replace
fishmeal in chicken rations". Report No. 7, The Treatment of Sewage and Production of Protein
through Mass Culture of Algae. Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok (1971).
12 ROBERTS, J.M. and RODDY, C.P., "Recovery and reuse of alum sludge at Tampa". Journal
American Water Works Association 52, No. 7, 857-866 (1960).
13 SCHLάTER, H. and QUERNER, H., "Investigations on the utilization of single celled green algae
as a feed for growing young poultry". Annual Report 1956, Training and Experimental Station of
Poultry and Small Animal Breeding, Horticultural Institute, Krefeld-Grosshuttenhoff 18-24 (1956).
14 SOEDER, C.J., HEGEWALD, E., PABST, W., PAYER, H.D., ROLLE, I., and STENGEL, E.,
"Twenty years of applied microalgae research in Nordrhein - Westfalen". Yearbook 1970.
Landesamt fόr Forschung NRW Publ. by Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, (1970).
15 SOONG, P.N., "The improvement of the production and utilization of unicellular algae in
Taiwan". Annual Report. Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station, Tainan, (1969).
M.G. McGarry, CD. Lin and J.L. Merto
deleterious effects on the water environment. In terms of opportunity costs, conventional
secondary treatment of wastewaters is expensive as it does not normally provide for
visible returns on investment. Economic recovery and recycle of waste materials are
means of reducing treatment costs and protecting the environment. The high rate
oxidation pond is viewed as having potential as a method of wastewater treatment and
resource conservation in Asia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Mr. S.M.A. Durrani, Mr. T. Gallo and Drs. H.D. Payer and
P. Rachapaetyakorn for their assistance in this research. Poultry feeding trials were
conducted by the Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. This
project was supported by the Asian Institute of Technology, The Applied Scientific
Research Corporation of Thailand, The Canadian International Development Agency, the
Bangkok Sewerage and Drainage Planning Committee and the Refuse and Nightsoil
Disposal Organization of Bangkok.
REFERENCES
1 COMBS, G.F., "Algae (Chlorella) as a source of nutrient for the chick". Science 116 453-454
(1952).
2 GOLUEKE, CG., and OSWALD, W.J., "Harvesting and processing sewage-grown planktonic
algae", Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 37 471-498 (1965).
3 HINTZ, H.F., HEITMAN, H., WEIR, W.C, TORELL, D.T., and MEYER, J.H., "Nutritive value of
algae grown on sewage". Journal of Animal Science 25 No. 3. 675-681 (1966).
4 KOCI, E., PETER, V., and KOCI, S., "Use of dried algae as a substitute for fishmeal and soyabean
oilmeal in feed mixtures for fattening chickens". Zivoc Vyr 9 569-578. (as seen in Nutritional
Abstracts Review 35 542, 1965) (1964).
5 LIN, CD., "Study of mass algal culture growth limiting factors". M.Eng. Thesis. Asian Institute of
Technology, Bangkok, (1971).
6 McGARRY, M.G., "Algal flocculation with aluminium sulphate and polyelectrolytes". Journal
Water Pollution Control Federation 42 No. 5, R191-201 (1970).
7 McGARRY, M.G., "Water and protein reclamation from sewage". Process Biochemistry 6 No. 1,
50-53 (1971).
8 McGARRY, M.G. and TONGKASAME, C , "Water reclamation and algae harvesting". Journal
Water Pollution Control Federation 43 No. 5, 824-835, (1971).
9 OSWALD, W.J., GOLUEKE, CG., COOPER, R.C., MEYERS, J.H., HINTZ, H. and GEE, H.K.,
"Nutritional and disease transmitting potential of sewage grown algae". SERL Reports No. 64-6,
College of Engineering and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (1964).
10 OSWALD, W.J. and GOLUEKE, CG., "Large scale production of algae". In Single-Cell Protein
(Edited by Mateles, R.I. and Tannenbaum, S.R.) The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass, (1968).
11 RACHAPAETYAKORN, P. and McGARRY, M.G., "The use of sewage grown algae to replace
fishmeal in chicken rations". Report No. 7, The Treatment of Sewage and Production of Protein
through Mass Culture of Algae. Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok (1971).
12 ROBERTS, J.M. and RODDY, C.P., "Recovery and reuse of alum sludge at Tampa". Journal
American Water Works Association 52, No. 7, 857-866 (1960).
13 SCHLάTER, H. and QUERNER, H., "Investigations on the utilization of single celled green algae
as a feed for growing young poultry". Annual Report 1956, Training and Experimental Station of
Poultry and Small Animal Breeding, Horticultural Institute, Krefeld-Grosshuttenhoff 18-24 (1956).
14 SOEDER, C.J., HEGEWALD, E., PABST, W., PAYER, H.D., ROLLE, I., and STENGEL, E.,
"Twenty years of applied microalgae research in Nordrhein - Westfalen". Yearbook 1970.
Landesamt fόr Forschung NRW Publ. by Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, (1970).
15 SOONG, P.N., "The improvement of the production and utilization of unicellular algae in
Taiwan". Annual Report. Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station, Tainan, (1969).