32
K.R. Imhoff and D. Albrecht
5. SUMMARY
In Germany and other West-European countries the results of oxygen transfer tests in
the different systems have hitherto been mostly converted to reference temperatures
according to Pasveer. With regard to the origin of these correction figures, however, they
should be applied only to compressed-air systems and aerators with especially low
turbulence. As indicated by operational results the application in systems with high micro
turbulence (impellers, turbines, cylinders) is not correct. In systems with high micro
turbulence the temperature influence on the oxygen transfer should be taken into
account by conversion in relation to the oxygen saturation values (Fig. 8).
REFERENCES
1 ADENEY and BECKER, The Determination of the Rate of Solution of Atmospheric Nitrogen and
Oxygen by Water. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of
Science, Vol. XXXVIII - 6 Series, London, S.317 (July-Dec. 1919).
2 STREETER, H.W., The Rate of Atmospheric Reaeration of Sewage - Polluted Streams, US Pub.
Health Reports (1926).
3 FAIR and GEYER, Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1954).
4 TRUESDALE, DOWNING and LOWDEN, The Solubility of Oxygen in Pure Water and Sea-Water,
Journal of Applied Chemistry, S. 53 (Febr. 1955).
5 ECKENFELDER, W.W., Belüftungssysteme in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika, Berichte
der ATV, Heft 13, Seite 104 (1961).
6 PASVEER, A., Untersuchungen über das Belebtschlammverfahren für die Reinigung von
Abwasser, Ges.-Ing., S.332 (1955).
7 BEWTRA, NICHOLAS and POLOKOWSKI, Effect of Temperature on Oxygen Transfer in Water,
Water Research, Pergamon Press, S.115 (1970).
8 DOWNING and TRUESDALE, Some Factors Affecting the Rate of Solution of Oxygen in Water,
Journal of Applied Chemistry, S.570 (Oct. 1955).
9 CHURCHILL, ELMORE and BUCKINGHAM, The Prediction of Stream Reaeration Rates, Journal
of the Sanitary Engineering Division, S.l (July 1962).
10 CHURCHILL, M., Effect of Water Temperature on Stream Reaeration, 31. Progress Report,
Committee on Sanitary Engineering Research, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, S.59
(Nov. 1961).
11 DOBBINS, W.E., BOD and Oxygen Relationships in Streams, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering
Division, S.53 (June 1964).
12 TSIVOGLOU and WALLACE, Hydraulic Properties Related to Stream Reaeration, Symposium on
the Use of Isotopes in Hydrology, Wien (March 1970).
13 O'CONNOR and DOBBINS, The Mechanism of Reaeration in Natural Streams, Journal of the
Sanitary Engineering Division, S.l 115 (1956).
14 THACKSTON and KRENKEL, Reaeration Prediction in Natural Streams, Journal of the Sanitary
Engineering Division, S.65 (1969).
15 KALBSKOPF and LONDONG, Entwicklungstendenzen bei Kläranlagen nach dem Belebungsverfahren für kleine Gemeinden, GWF Heft 8, S.455 (1970).
16 IMHOFF, K., Taschenbuch der Stadtentwässerung, Verlag R. Oldenbourg, München, 22. Auflage, S.
166 (1969).
17 BORN, R., Untersuchungen über Misch- und Verweilzeiten in Entgiftungs- und Neutralisationsbecken, Wasser, Luft und Betrieb (April 1969).
18 KALINSKE, A.A., Turbulence Diffusivity in Activated Sludge Aeration Basins, 5th International
Water Pollution Control Conference, July-Aug. 1970, Pergamon Press (in press).
19 DAHLEM, H., Zur Untersuchung von Aufenthaltszeiten in Belebungsbecken, GWF Heft 52, S.1446
(1969).
20 RUHRVERBAND, Mischversuche im Belebungsbecken der Kläranlage Schwerte (unpublished)
(July 1968).
21 IMHOFF, K.R., Oxygen Balance and Artificial Reaeration of Lake Baldeney and the Lower Ruhr,
4th International Conference Prague 1969, Pergamon Press - Oxford and New York S. 761
(1969); and GWF No. 34, S.936 (1968).
22 WILEY, LUECK, SCOTT and WISNIEWSKI, Commercial-Scale Stream Reaeration, Journal Water
K.R. Imhoff and D. Albrecht
5. SUMMARY
In Germany and other West-European countries the results of oxygen transfer tests in
the different systems have hitherto been mostly converted to reference temperatures
according to Pasveer. With regard to the origin of these correction figures, however, they
should be applied only to compressed-air systems and aerators with especially low
turbulence. As indicated by operational results the application in systems with high micro
turbulence (impellers, turbines, cylinders) is not correct. In systems with high micro
turbulence the temperature influence on the oxygen transfer should be taken into
account by conversion in relation to the oxygen saturation values (Fig. 8).
REFERENCES
1 ADENEY and BECKER, The Determination of the Rate of Solution of Atmospheric Nitrogen and
Oxygen by Water. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of
Science, Vol. XXXVIII - 6 Series, London, S.317 (July-Dec. 1919).
2 STREETER, H.W., The Rate of Atmospheric Reaeration of Sewage - Polluted Streams, US Pub.
Health Reports (1926).
3 FAIR and GEYER, Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1954).
4 TRUESDALE, DOWNING and LOWDEN, The Solubility of Oxygen in Pure Water and Sea-Water,
Journal of Applied Chemistry, S. 53 (Febr. 1955).
5 ECKENFELDER, W.W., Belüftungssysteme in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika, Berichte
der ATV, Heft 13, Seite 104 (1961).
6 PASVEER, A., Untersuchungen über das Belebtschlammverfahren für die Reinigung von
Abwasser, Ges.-Ing., S.332 (1955).
7 BEWTRA, NICHOLAS and POLOKOWSKI, Effect of Temperature on Oxygen Transfer in Water,
Water Research, Pergamon Press, S.115 (1970).
8 DOWNING and TRUESDALE, Some Factors Affecting the Rate of Solution of Oxygen in Water,
Journal of Applied Chemistry, S.570 (Oct. 1955).
9 CHURCHILL, ELMORE and BUCKINGHAM, The Prediction of Stream Reaeration Rates, Journal
of the Sanitary Engineering Division, S.l (July 1962).
10 CHURCHILL, M., Effect of Water Temperature on Stream Reaeration, 31. Progress Report,
Committee on Sanitary Engineering Research, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, S.59
(Nov. 1961).
11 DOBBINS, W.E., BOD and Oxygen Relationships in Streams, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering
Division, S.53 (June 1964).
12 TSIVOGLOU and WALLACE, Hydraulic Properties Related to Stream Reaeration, Symposium on
the Use of Isotopes in Hydrology, Wien (March 1970).
13 O'CONNOR and DOBBINS, The Mechanism of Reaeration in Natural Streams, Journal of the
Sanitary Engineering Division, S.l 115 (1956).
14 THACKSTON and KRENKEL, Reaeration Prediction in Natural Streams, Journal of the Sanitary
Engineering Division, S.65 (1969).
15 KALBSKOPF and LONDONG, Entwicklungstendenzen bei Kläranlagen nach dem Belebungsverfahren für kleine Gemeinden, GWF Heft 8, S.455 (1970).
16 IMHOFF, K., Taschenbuch der Stadtentwässerung, Verlag R. Oldenbourg, München, 22. Auflage, S.
166 (1969).
17 BORN, R., Untersuchungen über Misch- und Verweilzeiten in Entgiftungs- und Neutralisationsbecken, Wasser, Luft und Betrieb (April 1969).
18 KALINSKE, A.A., Turbulence Diffusivity in Activated Sludge Aeration Basins, 5th International
Water Pollution Control Conference, July-Aug. 1970, Pergamon Press (in press).
19 DAHLEM, H., Zur Untersuchung von Aufenthaltszeiten in Belebungsbecken, GWF Heft 52, S.1446
(1969).
20 RUHRVERBAND, Mischversuche im Belebungsbecken der Kläranlage Schwerte (unpublished)
(July 1968).
21 IMHOFF, K.R., Oxygen Balance and Artificial Reaeration of Lake Baldeney and the Lower Ruhr,
4th International Conference Prague 1969, Pergamon Press - Oxford and New York S. 761
(1969); and GWF No. 34, S.936 (1968).
22 WILEY, LUECK, SCOTT and WISNIEWSKI, Commercial-Scale Stream Reaeration, Journal Water