Integrated carp farming
397
Table
4.
Illustration of
comparative costs of manure—based carp culture
(based on data of Hepher and Pruginim, 1981).
Production
cost
Low
Density
High Density
Fed
Manured
Fed
Manured
Fry
21
21
26
26
Manure
—
50
—
50
1
1
F e e d
4 1 7
8 3
5 5 0
1 l 0
2
2
Other
175
200
175
200
3
3
Interest
17
10
20
12
630
343
771
372
1
Allow
20% feed level
2
Allow additional
handling of manure
3
Estimate
of fixed, working capital costs
Table
5.
Integration in Temperate and Tropical zones.
Temperate
Tropical
—
Reduced overall
Better
opportunity for photosynthesis
Equal or higher peak productivity
Longer larger annual total productiv1ty
Temperature limited growth, reduced
May
operate
year
round.
Crop.
out—
stock management flexibility.
puts also less seasonal.
More widely fluctuating conditions
Pronounced and sudden seasonal
changes,
during seasonS.
but
stable within seasons
More intensive centralised
agri—
Dispersed,
less
intensive
agriculture
cultural and industrial activity.
and
industry
_
,
.
Developed and established practices;
Developing
S€Ct0rs
permit
bUlldlng
resistance to changes required
in‘
of aquaculture
d
Limited range of suitable Species
Wider
range
Of
SpeCles’
Wlth
goo
Wider range of industrial heat
demand
.
pr0dUCeS
Local
based
agricultural
proceSSing
?
.
.
but may be more
efficient
Poorer
infrastructure, limits
Better transport infrastructure
transport pOtentlal
t
d
domestic
Biofilter/activated sludge based,
Lagoon-based,
sepîïauîable for
mixed domestic/industrial sewage
sewage/Êights01l,
mo
Higher land labour and water costs
aquacul ure
.
hemical usage
necess
'
'
‘
Less
controlled c
_
1tate
int€nSive
production
Lower
land,
below
water
costs
permit
more
extensive,
labour—intensive
production