382
V.R.P. Sinha
1.5 Philippines
Recently,
rice—fish
cultivation
is under active
investigation in diffe—
rent
regions
of
Philippines.
Stocking
of
rice—fish
with
tilapia
(Tilapia
nilotica),
common
carp
and
dalag is normally done with encouraging results
(Delmendo, 1983).
2.
Integration with Irrigation
Integration of fisheries in those water bodies created or developed for
irrigation and drainage purpose holds
great promise
to
small
farmers.
For
example
in
Indonesia,
fish
cages
of
2
X
0,5 n1and 3
x
2
X
0,5 m and
5
X
2,5
x
0,5 m made
of
locally available
wood
or
bamboo
installed
in a
small
and
shallow
irrigation canal produce about 40—110 kg of carp in 3 to
5
months
without
feeding the fish and much investment (Sinha, 1981). Cypri—
nus
carpio in cages grow from 40—80 g to 400 g in about four months and has
shown
growth
to
about
800
g
in
6—8
months
in
Indonesia
and
Japan
(Codæ,
1979).
Pantulu
(1979)
while
reviewing
cage
culture
of
fish
in.
the
lower
Mekong Basin opined that since cage culture is not subjected to many inha—
rent
problems of pond culture,
it
is
recommended
to
be
given more emphasis
in the region.
Flood
land
offers
suitable
location
for
lowland
fish
farm.
In fact,in
such
flood
land
fish
farm,
melon
and
rice—fish
rotation
is
being practiced
very successfully in the Philippines (Delmendo — personal communication).
B.
Integration on the water
Under
this
system
of
integration,
two
most
important combinationssuch
as
pig—cum—fish
and
duck—cum—fish
are
undertaken
where
the
livestock
are
either reared on top of the pond or at the edges where the wastes could flow
directly into the pond.
l.
Pig—cum—fish
1.1
China
In
China,
normally,
the
pigs
are
not
reared
directly on the pond it—
self.
The
wastes
are
collected
and
made
into
composts
and
applied to the
farm land and fish ponds. The manure produced by 20—30 pig in a year produce
the same
fertilization effect as
1
tonne
of ammonium sulphate applied to the
soil.
Collective
as
well
as
individual
pig rearing is promoted where the
pigS are largely fed on kitchen wastes, aquatic plants and crop wastes (Del—
mendo, 1983).
1.2 Vietnam
Similarly, in Vietnam, pig raising is done on large—scale and manure is
composted
and
applied to vegetable plots and fish ponds.
The
washings from
the pig—sties are channeled to the ponds.
1
-
3
In Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines an Indonesia, the pige are reared on
top
Of
the
pond
or
at
the
edges where the wastes could flow directly into
the ponds.
The
feeds for the pig are mainly left over food from households,
V.R.P. Sinha
1.5 Philippines
Recently,
rice—fish
cultivation
is under active
investigation in diffe—
rent
regions
of
Philippines.
Stocking
of
rice—fish
with
tilapia
(Tilapia
nilotica),
common
carp
and
dalag is normally done with encouraging results
(Delmendo, 1983).
2.
Integration with Irrigation
Integration of fisheries in those water bodies created or developed for
irrigation and drainage purpose holds
great promise
to
small
farmers.
For
example
in
Indonesia,
fish
cages
of
2
X
0,5 n1and 3
x
2
X
0,5 m and
5
X
2,5
x
0,5 m made
of
locally available
wood
or
bamboo
installed
in a
small
and
shallow
irrigation canal produce about 40—110 kg of carp in 3 to
5
months
without
feeding the fish and much investment (Sinha, 1981). Cypri—
nus
carpio in cages grow from 40—80 g to 400 g in about four months and has
shown
growth
to
about
800
g
in
6—8
months
in
Indonesia
and
Japan
(Codæ,
1979).
Pantulu
(1979)
while
reviewing
cage
culture
of
fish
in.
the
lower
Mekong Basin opined that since cage culture is not subjected to many inha—
rent
problems of pond culture,
it
is
recommended
to
be
given more emphasis
in the region.
Flood
land
offers
suitable
location
for
lowland
fish
farm.
In fact,in
such
flood
land
fish
farm,
melon
and
rice—fish
rotation
is
being practiced
very successfully in the Philippines (Delmendo — personal communication).
B.
Integration on the water
Under
this
system
of
integration,
two
most
important combinationssuch
as
pig—cum—fish
and
duck—cum—fish
are
undertaken
where
the
livestock
are
either reared on top of the pond or at the edges where the wastes could flow
directly into the pond.
l.
Pig—cum—fish
1.1
China
In
China,
normally,
the
pigs
are
not
reared
directly on the pond it—
self.
The
wastes
are
collected
and
made
into
composts
and
applied to the
farm land and fish ponds. The manure produced by 20—30 pig in a year produce
the same
fertilization effect as
1
tonne
of ammonium sulphate applied to the
soil.
Collective
as
well
as
individual
pig rearing is promoted where the
pigS are largely fed on kitchen wastes, aquatic plants and crop wastes (Del—
mendo, 1983).
1.2 Vietnam
Similarly, in Vietnam, pig raising is done on large—scale and manure is
composted
and
applied to vegetable plots and fish ponds.
The
washings from
the pig—sties are channeled to the ponds.
1
-
3
In Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines an Indonesia, the pige are reared on
top
Of
the
pond
or
at
the
edges where the wastes could flow directly into
the ponds.
The
feeds for the pig are mainly left over food from households,