152
R. Billard et al.
'
INTRODUCTION
*_'
The general biology‘ of cyprinid gametes,
eggs
and
embryos is less known
than
those
of
salmonids.
This
limits
the
attempts
to
improve
techn1quesof
artificial reproduction.
The gap
in our
knowledge in this area is duetothe
fact
that
for
a
long time cyprinids were left in ponds where
embryogenesis occurred naturally without intervention. On the contrary, art1f1—
Cial
insemination
and
incubation have
been
practised
on
salmonids
Sincethey
have been farmed,
that is,
since the mid—l9th century, in the case of rainbow
trout.
At that
time,
moreadequatefa01llt1es for….
became avallable
and more
work
was
generated
carp in hatcheries started in the 50‘s with the use of the technique of1nduced
—(PiCk‘f0rd…î amd…Atz…
19.57) . and the techmqueof
(1961Î whioh "removed 'ègg “sæ1è‘kiæsà“ and
1ncubatiolñZ“g
or
funnels
.
jars_,
demand—fon techniques.
handlmg and
storage and
the need
oÏff àftîfi'ciàï' lnsemmatmn
we
must
acquire
question of gamete biology and the present state of the techniques of art1f1—
cial
insemination
have been
reviewed by Stoss (1983) and we shall only discuss
recent developments.
+
((à—";; *
I
GAMETÉ
_
_‘
'
‘_
‘
.
‘ “ LË
..
_
”simple aë”shôwn
Bapéë%ti è’t‘
in
2019f9h(FmbouŒhetal 1970) Theheadof the’sœrmetezeen e sphercal °r
about2—2,5ÎÏÎÏmÂÇÂÎÎ} “'d‘i‘àmëèr Sañ'd‘
chromatm
and the nuclear proteins
,“fizi“…it‘ed degree of
hlS“°°ne—pmamlnetransf‘ormaüon
A 9“+2 flagellum
’
( tota“l length 4O—6Oum>ls
e… td + 1 a++ … afd+1
The r“id—piece Surrounds the anterior partof thé flagellum15 limited lnSlZ€
(Beeeewwee 'à14, 1984>;0y+p1+ p+n (the dp
Cruea‘
(1969)
“âvëfàäë‘
oies
carp. The morphology of cyprinid spermatozoa appears very simple
991919 999 ofthemos’cpmmtmem th9 .t_eleost group.
.
.
+
»…
,ju
+::_1….+';;+>
,
_“îyjï
+_'f++'};(
'
alunPUbllshedandthlsvolume)
..
‘
(
(;:(ajvu
…
;,,;,+.=3;;g:_(
-
s
made up
of 2 parts