3 Prediction of the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions
73
Asphaltene Content: If the asphaltene content is less than 4, then the asphaltene
content parameter is 4 less the asphaltene content and if it is greater than 4, it becomes the asphaltene content less 4. The value used in the equation is this transformed value. If the value of the asphaltene content is zero, then set the value to 20.
(3.13)
A/R or Asphaltene/Resin Ratio: not transformed For procedure 2, the class of the
resulting emulsion is then calculated as follows:
Stability = 5667 − 9520 · Den − 3.99 · Visc + 0.138 · Sst + 2.16 · Rst
− 0.395 · Ast + 17.9 · A/R + 224 · exp(den) + 2.88e − 10 · exp(Rst)
− 4.35 · exp(A/R) + 16823 · ln(Den) + 10.5 · ln(Visc)
− .671 · ln(Sst) + 0.147 · ln(Rst) + 0.107 · ln(Ast) + 1.62 · ln(A/R)
(3.14)
where:
Stability is the stability of the resulting water-in-oil type,
Den is the untransformed exponential of the density, abbreviated A here,
Visc is the untransformed natural logarithm (ln) of the viscosity, abbreviated B
here,
Sst is the transformed saturate content as calculated in Eq. (3.11), abbreviated C
here,
Rst is the transformed resin content as calculated in Eq. (3.12), abbreviated D,
Ast is the transformed asphaltene content as calculated in Eq. (3.13), abbreviated E,
A/R is the (untransformed) asphaltene/resin ratio, abbreviated F,
Exponential den is the exponential of the exponential of density, abbreviated G,
Exponential Rst is the exponential of the transformed resins, calculated in Eq. (3.12)
abbreviated,
Exponential of A/R, abbreviated I,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the exponential of density, abbreviated J,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the natural logarithm of viscosity, abbreviated K,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed saturates as calculated in Eq. (3.11),
abbreviated L,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed resins as calculated in Eq. (3.12), abbreviated M,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed asphaltenes as calculated in Eq. (3.13),
abbreviated N,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the (untransformed) (A/R) ratio, abbreviated O.
A simplified version of the equation is then:
73
Asphaltene Content: If the asphaltene content is less than 4, then the asphaltene
content parameter is 4 less the asphaltene content and if it is greater than 4, it becomes the asphaltene content less 4. The value used in the equation is this transformed value. If the value of the asphaltene content is zero, then set the value to 20.
(3.13)
A/R or Asphaltene/Resin Ratio: not transformed For procedure 2, the class of the
resulting emulsion is then calculated as follows:
Stability = 5667 − 9520 · Den − 3.99 · Visc + 0.138 · Sst + 2.16 · Rst
− 0.395 · Ast + 17.9 · A/R + 224 · exp(den) + 2.88e − 10 · exp(Rst)
− 4.35 · exp(A/R) + 16823 · ln(Den) + 10.5 · ln(Visc)
− .671 · ln(Sst) + 0.147 · ln(Rst) + 0.107 · ln(Ast) + 1.62 · ln(A/R)
(3.14)
where:
Stability is the stability of the resulting water-in-oil type,
Den is the untransformed exponential of the density, abbreviated A here,
Visc is the untransformed natural logarithm (ln) of the viscosity, abbreviated B
here,
Sst is the transformed saturate content as calculated in Eq. (3.11), abbreviated C
here,
Rst is the transformed resin content as calculated in Eq. (3.12), abbreviated D,
Ast is the transformed asphaltene content as calculated in Eq. (3.13), abbreviated E,
A/R is the (untransformed) asphaltene/resin ratio, abbreviated F,
Exponential den is the exponential of the exponential of density, abbreviated G,
Exponential Rst is the exponential of the transformed resins, calculated in Eq. (3.12)
abbreviated,
Exponential of A/R, abbreviated I,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the exponential of density, abbreviated J,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the natural logarithm of viscosity, abbreviated K,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed saturates as calculated in Eq. (3.11),
abbreviated L,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed resins as calculated in Eq. (3.12), abbreviated M,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed asphaltenes as calculated in Eq. (3.13),
abbreviated N,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the (untransformed) (A/R) ratio, abbreviated O.
A simplified version of the equation is then: