433
vortices shedding from islands is one order of magnitude smaller, but not negligible. The
formation and westward advection of WWM is an important factor in modulating the
earth's weather. Furthermore, we have discussed evidence suggesting that a fraction of
the heat seasonally stored as WWM finds its way, forced through Ekman pumping and
buoyancy flux, to the deeper thermocline layers of the NASG.
We are grateful to Profs. N.Hayek and J. M. Pacheco for encouraging us to write this
paper. This review has been supported through CICYT's project AMB94-1482-E.
References
Arhan M, Colin de Verdiere A, Memery L (1994) The eastern boundary of the subtropical
North Atlantic. J Phys Oceanogr 6:1295-1316
Aristegui J, Sangra P, Hernandez-Leon S, Canton M, Hernandez-Guerra A, Kerling JL
(1994) Island-induced eddies in the Canary Islands. Deep-Sea Res 43:1509-1525
Bakun A, Nelson CS (1991) The seasonal cycle of wind-stress curl in subtropical eastern
boundary current regions. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1815-1834
Barton ED (1987) Meanders, eddies and intrusions in the thermocline front off northwest
Africa. Oceanol Acta 10:267-283
Bauer E, Siedler G (1988) The relative contributions of advection and isopycnal and diapycnal mixing below the subtropical salinity maximum. Deep-Sea Res 35:811-837
Bearman PW (1984) Vortex shedding from oscillating bluff bodies. Ann Rev Fluid Mech
16:195-222
Behringer DW, Stommel H (1981) Annual heat gain of the tropical Atlantic computed
from subsurface ocean data. J Phys Oceanogr 11:1393-1398
Berger E, White R (1972) Periodic flow phenomena. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 4:313-340
Bindoff NL, McDougall TJ (1994) Diagnosing climate change and ocean ventilation using
hydrographic data. J Phys Oceanogr 24:1137-1152
Boyer DL (1970) Flow past a right circular cylinder in a rotating frame. J Bas Engng
92:430-436
Boyer DL, Davies PA (1982) Flow past a circular cylinder on a ,B-plane. Phil Trans R
Soc London A306:533-556
Boyer DL, Davies PA, Holland WR, Biolley F, Honji H (1987) Stratified rotating flow
over and around isolated 3D topography. Phil Trans R Soc London A322:213-241
Bryan K, Schroeder E (1960) Seasonal heat storage in the North Atlantic Ocean. J Meteorol 17:670-674
Bryden HL, Pills bury RD (1990) Measurement of the flow through the Strait of Gibraltar.
Adv Water Resources 13:64-69.
Bunker AF (1976) Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction
cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon Wea Rev 104:1122-1140
Carissimo BC, Oort AH, Vonder Haar TH (1985) Estimating the meridional energy transports in the atmosphere and oceans. J Phys Oceanogr 15:82-91
Cessi P (1992) Ventilation of eastern subtropical gyres. J Phys Oceanogr 22:683-685
Chabert d'Hieres G, Davies PA, Didelle H (1989) A laboratory study of the lift forces on
a moving solid obstacle in a rotating fluid. Dyn Atmos Oceans 13:47-7.5
Chopra KP (1973) Atmospheric and oceanic flow problems introduced by islands. Adv
Geophys 16:297-421
Church J A, Godfrey JS, Jacket DR, McDougall T J (1991) A model of sea level rise caused
by ocean thermal expansion. J Climate 4:438-456
Colin de Verdi ere A (1989) On the interaction of wiud and buoyancy driven gyres. J Mar
Res 47:595-633
Csanady GT (1984) Warm water mass formation. J Phys Oceanogr 14:264-275
Csanady GT (1986) Cross-gyre transports. J Phys Oceanogr 16:1703-1711
Csanady GT (1990) The role of the subtropical gyres in the heat balance of the Warmwas-
vortices shedding from islands is one order of magnitude smaller, but not negligible. The
formation and westward advection of WWM is an important factor in modulating the
earth's weather. Furthermore, we have discussed evidence suggesting that a fraction of
the heat seasonally stored as WWM finds its way, forced through Ekman pumping and
buoyancy flux, to the deeper thermocline layers of the NASG.
We are grateful to Profs. N.Hayek and J. M. Pacheco for encouraging us to write this
paper. This review has been supported through CICYT's project AMB94-1482-E.
References
Arhan M, Colin de Verdiere A, Memery L (1994) The eastern boundary of the subtropical
North Atlantic. J Phys Oceanogr 6:1295-1316
Aristegui J, Sangra P, Hernandez-Leon S, Canton M, Hernandez-Guerra A, Kerling JL
(1994) Island-induced eddies in the Canary Islands. Deep-Sea Res 43:1509-1525
Bakun A, Nelson CS (1991) The seasonal cycle of wind-stress curl in subtropical eastern
boundary current regions. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1815-1834
Barton ED (1987) Meanders, eddies and intrusions in the thermocline front off northwest
Africa. Oceanol Acta 10:267-283
Bauer E, Siedler G (1988) The relative contributions of advection and isopycnal and diapycnal mixing below the subtropical salinity maximum. Deep-Sea Res 35:811-837
Bearman PW (1984) Vortex shedding from oscillating bluff bodies. Ann Rev Fluid Mech
16:195-222
Behringer DW, Stommel H (1981) Annual heat gain of the tropical Atlantic computed
from subsurface ocean data. J Phys Oceanogr 11:1393-1398
Berger E, White R (1972) Periodic flow phenomena. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 4:313-340
Bindoff NL, McDougall TJ (1994) Diagnosing climate change and ocean ventilation using
hydrographic data. J Phys Oceanogr 24:1137-1152
Boyer DL (1970) Flow past a right circular cylinder in a rotating frame. J Bas Engng
92:430-436
Boyer DL, Davies PA (1982) Flow past a circular cylinder on a ,B-plane. Phil Trans R
Soc London A306:533-556
Boyer DL, Davies PA, Holland WR, Biolley F, Honji H (1987) Stratified rotating flow
over and around isolated 3D topography. Phil Trans R Soc London A322:213-241
Bryan K, Schroeder E (1960) Seasonal heat storage in the North Atlantic Ocean. J Meteorol 17:670-674
Bryden HL, Pills bury RD (1990) Measurement of the flow through the Strait of Gibraltar.
Adv Water Resources 13:64-69.
Bunker AF (1976) Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction
cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon Wea Rev 104:1122-1140
Carissimo BC, Oort AH, Vonder Haar TH (1985) Estimating the meridional energy transports in the atmosphere and oceans. J Phys Oceanogr 15:82-91
Cessi P (1992) Ventilation of eastern subtropical gyres. J Phys Oceanogr 22:683-685
Chabert d'Hieres G, Davies PA, Didelle H (1989) A laboratory study of the lift forces on
a moving solid obstacle in a rotating fluid. Dyn Atmos Oceans 13:47-7.5
Chopra KP (1973) Atmospheric and oceanic flow problems introduced by islands. Adv
Geophys 16:297-421
Church J A, Godfrey JS, Jacket DR, McDougall T J (1991) A model of sea level rise caused
by ocean thermal expansion. J Climate 4:438-456
Colin de Verdi ere A (1989) On the interaction of wiud and buoyancy driven gyres. J Mar
Res 47:595-633
Csanady GT (1984) Warm water mass formation. J Phys Oceanogr 14:264-275
Csanady GT (1986) Cross-gyre transports. J Phys Oceanogr 16:1703-1711
Csanady GT (1990) The role of the subtropical gyres in the heat balance of the Warmwas-