86
Price. J.F. (1979) On the scaling of stress driven entrainment experiments. J. Fluid Meeh .• 90.
509-529.
Reason. C.1.C. and Power. S.B. (1994) The influence of the Bering Strait on the circulation in a
coarse resolution global ocean model. CUm. Dyn .• 9. 363-369.
Reynolds. O. (1883) An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether
the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous. and of the law of resistance in parallel channels.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. 174.935-982.
Reynolds. O. (1894) On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the
determination of the criterion. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. 186. 123-161.
Robinson. A.R. (1987) Predicting open ocean currents. fronts and eddies. Three-Dimensional
Models of Marine and Estuarine Dynamics (J.C.J. Nihoul and B.M. Jamart. Editors). Elsevier.
pp. 89-111.
Rodi. W. (1993. 3rd edition) Turbulence Models and their Application in Hydraulics. A State-ofthe-Art Review. IAHR-AIRH Monograph. A.A. Balkema. 104 pp.
Sambrotto. R.N .• Goering. J.J. and McRoy. C.P. (1984) Large yearly production of phytoplankton
in the Western Bering Strait. Science. 225. 1147-1150.
Sarmiento. J.L. (1992) Biogeochemical ocean models. Climate System Modeling (K.E. Trenberth.
Editor), Cambridge University Press, pp. 519-551.
Semtner. A.1. and Chervin, R.M. (1992) Ocean general circulation from a global eddy resolving
model, J. Geophys. Res .. 97. 5493-5550.
Sielecki, A. (1968) An energy-conserving difference scheme for the storm surge equations. Mon.
Weather Rev .• 96. 150-156.
Toggweiler. J.R., Dixon. K. and Bryan, K. (1989) Simulation of radiocarbon in a coarseresolution world ocean model, 2. Distributions of bomb-produced carbon 14.1. Geophys. Res .•
94, 8243-8264.
Waleffe, F. (1985) Modele Mathematique 3D de la Mer de Bering, Memoire de Fin d'Etudes,
Faculre des Sciences Appliquees, Universite de Liege, 126 pp.
Walsh, J.J., McRoy, C.P., Coachman, L.K., Goering, J.J., Nihoul, J.C.J., Whitledge, T.E., Blackburn,
T.H., Parker, P.L., Wirck, C.D., Shuert, P.G., Grebmeier, J.M., Springer, A.M., Tripp, R.B.,
Hansell. D.A .• Djenidi. S .• Deleersnijder. E., Henriksen. K .• Lund. B.A.. Andersen, P .• MiillerKarger. F.E. and Dean, K. (1989) Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Seas:
source regions for organic matter affecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean, Progr.
Oceanogr .• 22.279-361.
Williamson. D.L. (1979) Difference approximations for fluid flow on a sphere. Numerical
Methods Used in Atmospheric Models. GARP Publications Series (no. 17. vol. 2). WMO-ICSU
Joint Organizing Committee. pp. 51-120.
Wimbush. M. and Munk. W. (1971) The benthic boundary layer, The Sea (Vol. 4) (A.E. Maxwell,
Editor), Wiley. pp. 731-758.
Zhang, R.H. and Endoh. M. (1992) A free-surface general circulation model for the tropical
Pacific Ocean. 1. Geophys. Res., 97, 11237-11255.
Acknowledgements. The development of the World Ocean model presented here is carried out in
the scope of the Impulse Programmes "Global Change" (GC/l0/13) and "Information
Technology" (IT/SC/20) of the Belgian Federal Office for Scientific. Technical and Cultural
Affairs. The support of the following projects is also acknowledged: Convention d'Actions de
Recherches Concertees with the Communaute Franc;aise de Belgique (No. 92/97-154), the
European Environment Programme (EV5V-CT92-0l23) and Digital Europe External Research
Agreement "World Ocean Modelling with a 'Small' Parallel Computer" (Contract Number
BE-Oil).
Price. J.F. (1979) On the scaling of stress driven entrainment experiments. J. Fluid Meeh .• 90.
509-529.
Reason. C.1.C. and Power. S.B. (1994) The influence of the Bering Strait on the circulation in a
coarse resolution global ocean model. CUm. Dyn .• 9. 363-369.
Reynolds. O. (1883) An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether
the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous. and of the law of resistance in parallel channels.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. 174.935-982.
Reynolds. O. (1894) On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the
determination of the criterion. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. 186. 123-161.
Robinson. A.R. (1987) Predicting open ocean currents. fronts and eddies. Three-Dimensional
Models of Marine and Estuarine Dynamics (J.C.J. Nihoul and B.M. Jamart. Editors). Elsevier.
pp. 89-111.
Rodi. W. (1993. 3rd edition) Turbulence Models and their Application in Hydraulics. A State-ofthe-Art Review. IAHR-AIRH Monograph. A.A. Balkema. 104 pp.
Sambrotto. R.N .• Goering. J.J. and McRoy. C.P. (1984) Large yearly production of phytoplankton
in the Western Bering Strait. Science. 225. 1147-1150.
Sarmiento. J.L. (1992) Biogeochemical ocean models. Climate System Modeling (K.E. Trenberth.
Editor), Cambridge University Press, pp. 519-551.
Semtner. A.1. and Chervin, R.M. (1992) Ocean general circulation from a global eddy resolving
model, J. Geophys. Res .. 97. 5493-5550.
Sielecki, A. (1968) An energy-conserving difference scheme for the storm surge equations. Mon.
Weather Rev .• 96. 150-156.
Toggweiler. J.R., Dixon. K. and Bryan, K. (1989) Simulation of radiocarbon in a coarseresolution world ocean model, 2. Distributions of bomb-produced carbon 14.1. Geophys. Res .•
94, 8243-8264.
Waleffe, F. (1985) Modele Mathematique 3D de la Mer de Bering, Memoire de Fin d'Etudes,
Faculre des Sciences Appliquees, Universite de Liege, 126 pp.
Walsh, J.J., McRoy, C.P., Coachman, L.K., Goering, J.J., Nihoul, J.C.J., Whitledge, T.E., Blackburn,
T.H., Parker, P.L., Wirck, C.D., Shuert, P.G., Grebmeier, J.M., Springer, A.M., Tripp, R.B.,
Hansell. D.A .• Djenidi. S .• Deleersnijder. E., Henriksen. K .• Lund. B.A.. Andersen, P .• MiillerKarger. F.E. and Dean, K. (1989) Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Seas:
source regions for organic matter affecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean, Progr.
Oceanogr .• 22.279-361.
Williamson. D.L. (1979) Difference approximations for fluid flow on a sphere. Numerical
Methods Used in Atmospheric Models. GARP Publications Series (no. 17. vol. 2). WMO-ICSU
Joint Organizing Committee. pp. 51-120.
Wimbush. M. and Munk. W. (1971) The benthic boundary layer, The Sea (Vol. 4) (A.E. Maxwell,
Editor), Wiley. pp. 731-758.
Zhang, R.H. and Endoh. M. (1992) A free-surface general circulation model for the tropical
Pacific Ocean. 1. Geophys. Res., 97, 11237-11255.
Acknowledgements. The development of the World Ocean model presented here is carried out in
the scope of the Impulse Programmes "Global Change" (GC/l0/13) and "Information
Technology" (IT/SC/20) of the Belgian Federal Office for Scientific. Technical and Cultural
Affairs. The support of the following projects is also acknowledged: Convention d'Actions de
Recherches Concertees with the Communaute Franc;aise de Belgique (No. 92/97-154), the
European Environment Programme (EV5V-CT92-0l23) and Digital Europe External Research
Agreement "World Ocean Modelling with a 'Small' Parallel Computer" (Contract Number
BE-Oil).