synthesized, take place in the stroma. A chloroplast also possesses a small DNA
genome which specifies rRNAs, tRNAs and some chloroplast proteins.
Chromatic adaptation The ability of algae to modify the amounts or proportions
of photosynthetic pigments in relation to changes in the light environment.
Chromatography Method of separating molecules within a mixture by repeatedly
distributing molecules between mobile and stationary phases. The mobile phase
is a liquid or gas, while the solid phase is a solid or liquid-covered solid. The
molecular distribution between the two phases is participated in one or more of
four basic processes: adsorption, gel filtration, ion exchange, and distribution.
These processes result in differences in molecular movement speed according to
the mobile phase’s motion and the solid phase.
Chromonema Threadlike chromosomes or chromatids from the cell division stage
that are the thinnest structures discernible with an optical microscope.
Chromosome set manipulation Technique for manipulating chromosomes in
eukaryotic organisms. In plant breeding, this term refers to polyploid breeding.
Chromosome from plants and animals are extracted and introduced into different
cells to influence them and improve strains.
Chromosome walking Technique for mapping chromosomes from a collection of
overlapping restriction fragments. Starting from a known DNA sequence, the
overlapping sequences can be detected in other restriction fragments and a map
of a particular area gradually built up.
Chromosome Located within the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, chromosomes consist
of one or more large double-stranded chains of DNA molecules. Combining
with RNA and histones, these DNA chains carry genes that store and transmit an
organism’s genetic information.
Chrondocyte Cell present in the lacunae of cartilage matrix that serves to
synthesize and secrete cartilage matrix.
Cilia Motile hair-like outgrowth present on the surface of many eukaryotic cells,
which makes whip-like beating movements. The synchronized beating of cilia
propels free living unicells (e.g. protozoans) or, as with stationary cells (e.g. of
nasal epithelium), produces a flow of material over the cell surface. A cilium is
composed of a central core of microtubules (the axoneme) anchored to the cell
by a basal body, the whole enclosed in plasma membrane. In multicellular
organisms cilia chiefly occur on epithelial cells lining various internal passages;
various other hair-like structures, esp. eyelash.
Ciliata Protozoans that use cilia to move by generating water flow.
Ciliate The informal name for a type of alveolate protist characterized by
numerous cilia, presence of two types of nuclei (a larger macronucleus and a
smaller micronucleus), and a cell mouth (cytostome).
Glossary
429
genome which specifies rRNAs, tRNAs and some chloroplast proteins.
Chromatic adaptation The ability of algae to modify the amounts or proportions
of photosynthetic pigments in relation to changes in the light environment.
Chromatography Method of separating molecules within a mixture by repeatedly
distributing molecules between mobile and stationary phases. The mobile phase
is a liquid or gas, while the solid phase is a solid or liquid-covered solid. The
molecular distribution between the two phases is participated in one or more of
four basic processes: adsorption, gel filtration, ion exchange, and distribution.
These processes result in differences in molecular movement speed according to
the mobile phase’s motion and the solid phase.
Chromonema Threadlike chromosomes or chromatids from the cell division stage
that are the thinnest structures discernible with an optical microscope.
Chromosome set manipulation Technique for manipulating chromosomes in
eukaryotic organisms. In plant breeding, this term refers to polyploid breeding.
Chromosome from plants and animals are extracted and introduced into different
cells to influence them and improve strains.
Chromosome walking Technique for mapping chromosomes from a collection of
overlapping restriction fragments. Starting from a known DNA sequence, the
overlapping sequences can be detected in other restriction fragments and a map
of a particular area gradually built up.
Chromosome Located within the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, chromosomes consist
of one or more large double-stranded chains of DNA molecules. Combining
with RNA and histones, these DNA chains carry genes that store and transmit an
organism’s genetic information.
Chrondocyte Cell present in the lacunae of cartilage matrix that serves to
synthesize and secrete cartilage matrix.
Cilia Motile hair-like outgrowth present on the surface of many eukaryotic cells,
which makes whip-like beating movements. The synchronized beating of cilia
propels free living unicells (e.g. protozoans) or, as with stationary cells (e.g. of
nasal epithelium), produces a flow of material over the cell surface. A cilium is
composed of a central core of microtubules (the axoneme) anchored to the cell
by a basal body, the whole enclosed in plasma membrane. In multicellular
organisms cilia chiefly occur on epithelial cells lining various internal passages;
various other hair-like structures, esp. eyelash.
Ciliata Protozoans that use cilia to move by generating water flow.
Ciliate The informal name for a type of alveolate protist characterized by
numerous cilia, presence of two types of nuclei (a larger macronucleus and a
smaller micronucleus), and a cell mouth (cytostome).
Glossary
429