Captive breeding program The capturing of gravedigger beetles in their natural
state to for breeding and re-release into the wild.
Carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) One of several types of processes that
result in increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the vicinity of rubisco.
Carbon dioxide fixation the pathway incorporating carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates which occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts; any reaction in
which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic compounds.
Carbon fixation Conversion of carbon dioxide into organic carbon as a result of
the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Carbon sequestration The burial of calcium carbonate or organic carbon such that
these materials are not readily converted back to atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Carpogonium The nonmotile female gamete of red algae.
Carpospores In red algae, the spore released from a carposporangium; usually
assumed to be diploid.
Carposporophyte (gonimocarp) A multicellular diploid phase in the life cycle of
florideophycean red algae that generates carpospores via gonimoblast filaments;
in all cases, attached to the female gametophytic body (i.e., not free living).
Carrageenans Mucilaginous sulfated polygalatans in the cell walls of red algae
that are extracted for use as gelling agents in the food industry.
Carrying capacity The number of individual organisms that can be supported with
available resources.
Cascade Series of enzymatic reactions in which the activated form of one enzyme
catalyses the activation of the next, greatly amplifying the initial response.
Cassette model Description of the DNA rearrangements underlying switching of
mating type in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the mating-type
locus, MAT, can be occupied by either of two genes (a or a) transposed from
sites on either side of the locus.
Cation Positively charged ion which moves towards cathode, or negative pole, e.g.
K
+
,
cDNA library Collection (library) of DNA constituting the entirety of cDNA
developed through cloning from cell types or specific organisms.
Cell cycle The period between the formation of a cell as one of the products of cell
division and its own subsequent division. During this period all cells undergo
replication of the DNA. In eukaryotic cells the cell cycle is divided into phases
termed G1, S, G2 and M. G1 is the period immediately after mitosis and cell
division, when the newly formed cell is in the diploid state and at which growth
takes place. S is the phase of DNA synthesis, and is followed by G2, at which
time the cell is in a tetraploid state and further cell growth may take place.
Glossary
427
state to for breeding and re-release into the wild.
Carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) One of several types of processes that
result in increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the vicinity of rubisco.
Carbon dioxide fixation the pathway incorporating carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates which occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts; any reaction in
which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic compounds.
Carbon fixation Conversion of carbon dioxide into organic carbon as a result of
the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Carbon sequestration The burial of calcium carbonate or organic carbon such that
these materials are not readily converted back to atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Carpogonium The nonmotile female gamete of red algae.
Carpospores In red algae, the spore released from a carposporangium; usually
assumed to be diploid.
Carposporophyte (gonimocarp) A multicellular diploid phase in the life cycle of
florideophycean red algae that generates carpospores via gonimoblast filaments;
in all cases, attached to the female gametophytic body (i.e., not free living).
Carrageenans Mucilaginous sulfated polygalatans in the cell walls of red algae
that are extracted for use as gelling agents in the food industry.
Carrying capacity The number of individual organisms that can be supported with
available resources.
Cascade Series of enzymatic reactions in which the activated form of one enzyme
catalyses the activation of the next, greatly amplifying the initial response.
Cassette model Description of the DNA rearrangements underlying switching of
mating type in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the mating-type
locus, MAT, can be occupied by either of two genes (a or a) transposed from
sites on either side of the locus.
Cation Positively charged ion which moves towards cathode, or negative pole, e.g.
K
+
,
cDNA library Collection (library) of DNA constituting the entirety of cDNA
developed through cloning from cell types or specific organisms.
Cell cycle The period between the formation of a cell as one of the products of cell
division and its own subsequent division. During this period all cells undergo
replication of the DNA. In eukaryotic cells the cell cycle is divided into phases
termed G1, S, G2 and M. G1 is the period immediately after mitosis and cell
division, when the newly formed cell is in the diploid state and at which growth
takes place. S is the phase of DNA synthesis, and is followed by G2, at which
time the cell is in a tetraploid state and further cell growth may take place.
Glossary
427