Aneuploid a. Having more or less than an exact multiple of the haploid number of
chromosomes or haploid gene dosage; chromosomal abnormalities that disrupt
relative gene dosage, such as deletions.
Aneuploidy State in which the number of chromosomes per cell in an individual or
line is not a whole-number multiple of the basic number, but includes one or
more fewer than the whole-number value, indicating an incomplete genome.
Cells or organisms in this state are known as aneuploids. The term dysploid is
also used when the basic number is not definitely known.
Angiogenesis factor General term for endogenous factors that induce the
formation of new blood vessels. Found in tissues with high metabolism rates
such as tumors and membranes, they are secreted from hypoxic macrophage
cells on the edges or surfaces of wounds to induce regeneration of blood vessels
as part of the healing process.
Angiogenesis n. Development of new blood vessels by sprouting from preexisting
vessels.
Anisogamous reproduction Sexual reproduction involving gametes that are
flagellate and structurally distinguishable.
Anisogamous A type of sexual reproduction in which gametes are flagellate and
structurally distinguishable
Anisogamy A type of sexual reproduction characterized by two types of gametes
that differ in size or behavior.
Ankylosing spondylitis Condition of unknown cause that causes joint stiffening
and transformation with degenerative inflammatory symptoms in the vertebrae,
shoulder joints, and knee joints.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis A type of photosynthesis that occurs in some
prokaryotes in which water is not used as a reductant and oxygen is not released.
Anoxygenic Without production of oxygen; for example, use of hydrogen sulfide
rather than water as a source of photosynthetic reductant by some cyanobacteria.
Antibiotic Any of a diverse group of organic compounds produced by
microorganisms which selectively inhibit the growth of or kill other
microorganisms. Many antibiotics are used therapeutically against bacterial and
fungal infections in humans and animals.
Anticodon Group of three consecutive bases in tRNA complementary to a codon
in mRNA.
Antifreeze protein Proteins secreted in the bodily fluids of fish and arthropods
inhabiting polar regions, which function to lower those fluids’ freezing point.
420
Glossary
chromosomes or haploid gene dosage; chromosomal abnormalities that disrupt
relative gene dosage, such as deletions.
Aneuploidy State in which the number of chromosomes per cell in an individual or
line is not a whole-number multiple of the basic number, but includes one or
more fewer than the whole-number value, indicating an incomplete genome.
Cells or organisms in this state are known as aneuploids. The term dysploid is
also used when the basic number is not definitely known.
Angiogenesis factor General term for endogenous factors that induce the
formation of new blood vessels. Found in tissues with high metabolism rates
such as tumors and membranes, they are secreted from hypoxic macrophage
cells on the edges or surfaces of wounds to induce regeneration of blood vessels
as part of the healing process.
Angiogenesis n. Development of new blood vessels by sprouting from preexisting
vessels.
Anisogamous reproduction Sexual reproduction involving gametes that are
flagellate and structurally distinguishable.
Anisogamous A type of sexual reproduction in which gametes are flagellate and
structurally distinguishable
Anisogamy A type of sexual reproduction characterized by two types of gametes
that differ in size or behavior.
Ankylosing spondylitis Condition of unknown cause that causes joint stiffening
and transformation with degenerative inflammatory symptoms in the vertebrae,
shoulder joints, and knee joints.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis A type of photosynthesis that occurs in some
prokaryotes in which water is not used as a reductant and oxygen is not released.
Anoxygenic Without production of oxygen; for example, use of hydrogen sulfide
rather than water as a source of photosynthetic reductant by some cyanobacteria.
Antibiotic Any of a diverse group of organic compounds produced by
microorganisms which selectively inhibit the growth of or kill other
microorganisms. Many antibiotics are used therapeutically against bacterial and
fungal infections in humans and animals.
Anticodon Group of three consecutive bases in tRNA complementary to a codon
in mRNA.
Antifreeze protein Proteins secreted in the bodily fluids of fish and arthropods
inhabiting polar regions, which function to lower those fluids’ freezing point.
420
Glossary