8
Developing Functional Materials
with Marine Organisms
Contents
8.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 229
8.2 Pharmaceutical Materials................................................................................................... 231
8.3 Bio Materials ..................................................................................................................... 240
8.4 Functional Food Materials ................................................................................................ 265
8.5 Natural Cosmetic Ingredients ............................................................................................ 286
8.6 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 292
References .................................................................................................................................. 292
8.1 Introduction
Efforts to explore and develop drugs and other bioactive substances from natural
resources have a history dating back more than three centuries. These efforts have
been particularly active over the past few decades. In the past, the chief targets of
these explorations were land-based resources, and plants in particular. This was due
to humankind’s long history of using land-based plant resources for medicinal
purposes, which resulted in a large base of knowledge, and to the ease with which
resources could be mass-produced. Research into land-based resources to date has
been so wide-ranging that virtually no species remain unstudied (Newman et al.
2003).
For this reason, the world’s advanced economies have begun turning their
research investment attention to marine ecosystems, which have remained an
unexplored area. Recent advancements in collection, aquaculture, and analysis
techniques and academic understanding of related areas have resulted in even more
active research in this area. In terms of diversity of species, the oceans are an almost
unlimited repository of resources, with over 80% of all organisms on the planet
(around 500,000 species) known to inhabit marine environments. In the East,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_8
229
Developing Functional Materials
with Marine Organisms
Contents
8.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 229
8.2 Pharmaceutical Materials................................................................................................... 231
8.3 Bio Materials ..................................................................................................................... 240
8.4 Functional Food Materials ................................................................................................ 265
8.5 Natural Cosmetic Ingredients ............................................................................................ 286
8.6 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 292
References .................................................................................................................................. 292
8.1 Introduction
Efforts to explore and develop drugs and other bioactive substances from natural
resources have a history dating back more than three centuries. These efforts have
been particularly active over the past few decades. In the past, the chief targets of
these explorations were land-based resources, and plants in particular. This was due
to humankind’s long history of using land-based plant resources for medicinal
purposes, which resulted in a large base of knowledge, and to the ease with which
resources could be mass-produced. Research into land-based resources to date has
been so wide-ranging that virtually no species remain unstudied (Newman et al.
2003).
For this reason, the world’s advanced economies have begun turning their
research investment attention to marine ecosystems, which have remained an
unexplored area. Recent advancements in collection, aquaculture, and analysis
techniques and academic understanding of related areas have resulted in even more
active research in this area. In terms of diversity of species, the oceans are an almost
unlimited repository of resources, with over 80% of all organisms on the planet
(around 500,000 species) known to inhabit marine environments. In the East,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_8
229