also 5.4 times and 6.8 times higher, respectively. This light dispersion fiber biosolar
reaction can allow for more efficient usage of marine blue-green algae (Matsunaga
et al. 1991).
Biosolar reactors have thus been applied for CO 2 fixation. Synechococcus sp. has
been cultured within the reactor, and CO 2 concentrations in the supply and emission
gas have been measured to calculate the amount of CO 2 fixed. If the luminous
intensity on the optical fiber surface is 20 lE
−1 m
−2 S
−1 and the initial blue-green
algae concentration is 6.8, 2.22 gL
−1 of CO 2 will have been fixed within 12 h,
resulting in a 0.97 gL
−1 increase in Synechococcus sp. biomass.
Development of these biosolar reactors for high-density blue-green algae culturing has also necessitated development of monitoring and control systems.
Matsunaga et al. developed sensors for one-line monitoring of blue-green algae
volume within a bioreactor using phycocyanin fluorescence. Such monitoring
systems are expected to be used in the future in new engineering for marine
blue-green algae culturing (Matsunaga 1992).
7.5.2 Bioactive Substances in Blue-Green Algae
Blue-green algae are believed to contain various bioactive substances. From a
molecular evolution perspective, production of vegetable bioactive substances is an
area of particular interest. Matsunaga et al. developed a hot-water extract from
various marine blue-green algae and compared the number of plant bodies produced
from a carrot culturing cell, which resulted in the discovery of plant body regeneration promotion substances from Synechococcus sp. and other blue-green algae
extracts. Induction of adventitious embryony and plant body regeneration was
found in culture cells from Cnidium and from carrots, in which adventitious
embryony and plant body redifferentiation is difficult to achieve.
The plant body regeneration promotion effects achieved with blue-green algae
extract could not be induced with natural organic substances such as the amino
acids used in plant tissue culturing. The quantity of known natural plant hormones
in blue-green algae extract was also below the effective concentration in plant
physiology terms. This indicated a possibility that a plant body regeneration promotion substance exists in blue-green algae extract (Matsunaga et al. 1991).
Major low and high molecular weight active ingredients have been found to exist
in extracts from marine blue-green algae. One example is a low molecular weight
alkaline substance that promotes somatic embryo maturation. High molecular
weight fractioning has been found to promote young plant body and chlorophyll
production in somatic embryos. Additional fractionation of this high molecular
weight fraction resulted in isolation of GPF9.4, a substance that promotes plant
body formation. GPF9.4 is a polysaccharide consisting of hexosamine, xylose,
glucose, galactose, and an unidentified deoxysugar. GPF9.4 at a concentration of
10 mgL
−1 has been found to promote the young plant body formation rate to 3.8
times when it is not added, and the amount of chlorophyll by 3.9 times.
220
7 Microalgae, a Biological Resource for the Future
reaction can allow for more efficient usage of marine blue-green algae (Matsunaga
et al. 1991).
Biosolar reactors have thus been applied for CO 2 fixation. Synechococcus sp. has
been cultured within the reactor, and CO 2 concentrations in the supply and emission
gas have been measured to calculate the amount of CO 2 fixed. If the luminous
intensity on the optical fiber surface is 20 lE
−1 m
−2 S
−1 and the initial blue-green
algae concentration is 6.8, 2.22 gL
−1 of CO 2 will have been fixed within 12 h,
resulting in a 0.97 gL
−1 increase in Synechococcus sp. biomass.
Development of these biosolar reactors for high-density blue-green algae culturing has also necessitated development of monitoring and control systems.
Matsunaga et al. developed sensors for one-line monitoring of blue-green algae
volume within a bioreactor using phycocyanin fluorescence. Such monitoring
systems are expected to be used in the future in new engineering for marine
blue-green algae culturing (Matsunaga 1992).
7.5.2 Bioactive Substances in Blue-Green Algae
Blue-green algae are believed to contain various bioactive substances. From a
molecular evolution perspective, production of vegetable bioactive substances is an
area of particular interest. Matsunaga et al. developed a hot-water extract from
various marine blue-green algae and compared the number of plant bodies produced
from a carrot culturing cell, which resulted in the discovery of plant body regeneration promotion substances from Synechococcus sp. and other blue-green algae
extracts. Induction of adventitious embryony and plant body regeneration was
found in culture cells from Cnidium and from carrots, in which adventitious
embryony and plant body redifferentiation is difficult to achieve.
The plant body regeneration promotion effects achieved with blue-green algae
extract could not be induced with natural organic substances such as the amino
acids used in plant tissue culturing. The quantity of known natural plant hormones
in blue-green algae extract was also below the effective concentration in plant
physiology terms. This indicated a possibility that a plant body regeneration promotion substance exists in blue-green algae extract (Matsunaga et al. 1991).
Major low and high molecular weight active ingredients have been found to exist
in extracts from marine blue-green algae. One example is a low molecular weight
alkaline substance that promotes somatic embryo maturation. High molecular
weight fractioning has been found to promote young plant body and chlorophyll
production in somatic embryos. Additional fractionation of this high molecular
weight fraction resulted in isolation of GPF9.4, a substance that promotes plant
body formation. GPF9.4 is a polysaccharide consisting of hexosamine, xylose,
glucose, galactose, and an unidentified deoxysugar. GPF9.4 at a concentration of
10 mgL
−1 has been found to promote the young plant body formation rate to 3.8
times when it is not added, and the amount of chlorophyll by 3.9 times.
220
7 Microalgae, a Biological Resource for the Future