Organic compounds in soils 35
2.4.5 Ethylene diamine tetracetric acid
Nowank et al [200] determined absorbed iron III and nickel-EDTA species in soil
by reverse phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Iron III EDTA
was found to be the main species present occurring at 30–70% while nickel EDTA
species were present in considerably lower amounts (<10%). The adsorbed metal
EDTA species were detected in lake sediment and soil cores.
2.4.6 Acrylonitrile
Kester et al [31] has discussed the application of purge and trap chromatography to
the determination of acrylonitrile in soil. In this method, the soil sample is heated for
30 minutes to 85
◦ C and dry purged with dry helium and the volatiles collected in a
Tenax trap. Subsequent release of acrylonitrile and acetonitrile by heating the Tenax
trap to 100 to 180
◦ C is followed by collection of the volatiles and analysis by gas
chromatography using a Chromasorb 101 column programmed from 80 to 150
◦ C
and a flame ionisation detector.
2.4.7 Polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic
Koci et al [201] have discussed the extraction of the compounds from spiked soil
samples Extraction recovery of 10 selected polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocylces
quinoline. 2-methylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, 8-methylquinoline, acridine, benzo
[h]quinoline, phenantridine, indole, 2-methylindole, and carbazole from spiked soil
samples was tested. Four different extraction techniques, pressurised solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, Soxhlet warm extraction and standard Soxhlet
extraction, were applied and compared. The RP-HPLC technique with a silica-based
octadecyl stationary phase was used for recovery determination of individual determination PANHs. Supercritical fluid extraction has been found to be the most effective
method for the extraction of selected PANHs from soil and pressurised solvent extraction and Sohxlet warm extraction methods offered similar results with slightly lower
extraction recoveries compared with supercritical fluid extraction pressurised solvent
extraction of Soxhlet warm extraction. On the contrary a standard Soxhlet extraction
is a time-consuming method with a low recovery of target analytes and is not suitable
for the extraction of PANHs from soils.
Svabenski et al [202] have described a method based on liquid chromatographymass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen hetrocylces in
soil. Optimisation of individual chromatography/mass spectrometric conditions were
made in order to obtain a method for the determination of 15 PANHs in an organic
extract from the soil. The LC/MS/MS method has a lower LOD value compared to
LC/DAD/FLD methods in general. The developed LC/MS/MS method was used for
determination of PANHs content in soil samples collected in contaminated areas of
the southeast region of the Czech Republic. Highest concentrations of PANHs have
been found in the samples collected in the immediate vicinity of the industrial basin.
Concentrations of the contaminants in samples collected in surrounding villages were
higher compared to samples collected in clean area of the Czech Republic.
2.4.5 Ethylene diamine tetracetric acid
Nowank et al [200] determined absorbed iron III and nickel-EDTA species in soil
by reverse phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Iron III EDTA
was found to be the main species present occurring at 30–70% while nickel EDTA
species were present in considerably lower amounts (<10%). The adsorbed metal
EDTA species were detected in lake sediment and soil cores.
2.4.6 Acrylonitrile
Kester et al [31] has discussed the application of purge and trap chromatography to
the determination of acrylonitrile in soil. In this method, the soil sample is heated for
30 minutes to 85
◦ C and dry purged with dry helium and the volatiles collected in a
Tenax trap. Subsequent release of acrylonitrile and acetonitrile by heating the Tenax
trap to 100 to 180
◦ C is followed by collection of the volatiles and analysis by gas
chromatography using a Chromasorb 101 column programmed from 80 to 150
◦ C
and a flame ionisation detector.
2.4.7 Polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic
Koci et al [201] have discussed the extraction of the compounds from spiked soil
samples Extraction recovery of 10 selected polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocylces
quinoline. 2-methylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, 8-methylquinoline, acridine, benzo
[h]quinoline, phenantridine, indole, 2-methylindole, and carbazole from spiked soil
samples was tested. Four different extraction techniques, pressurised solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, Soxhlet warm extraction and standard Soxhlet
extraction, were applied and compared. The RP-HPLC technique with a silica-based
octadecyl stationary phase was used for recovery determination of individual determination PANHs. Supercritical fluid extraction has been found to be the most effective
method for the extraction of selected PANHs from soil and pressurised solvent extraction and Sohxlet warm extraction methods offered similar results with slightly lower
extraction recoveries compared with supercritical fluid extraction pressurised solvent
extraction of Soxhlet warm extraction. On the contrary a standard Soxhlet extraction
is a time-consuming method with a low recovery of target analytes and is not suitable
for the extraction of PANHs from soils.
Svabenski et al [202] have described a method based on liquid chromatographymass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen hetrocylces in
soil. Optimisation of individual chromatography/mass spectrometric conditions were
made in order to obtain a method for the determination of 15 PANHs in an organic
extract from the soil. The LC/MS/MS method has a lower LOD value compared to
LC/DAD/FLD methods in general. The developed LC/MS/MS method was used for
determination of PANHs content in soil samples collected in contaminated areas of
the southeast region of the Czech Republic. Highest concentrations of PANHs have
been found in the samples collected in the immediate vicinity of the industrial basin.
Concentrations of the contaminants in samples collected in surrounding villages were
higher compared to samples collected in clean area of the Czech Republic.