164 Organic compounds in soils, sediments & sludges
in situ tetraalkylammonium hydroxide-modified silica high-performance liquid chromatography [215]. Li et al [216] describe a method for the isolation of basic and
non-basic azarenes from sediments based on the use of aminocyano-bonded silica
high-performance liquid chromatography columns. An overview concerning recent
developments in the use of liquid chromatographic techniques is provided by Rowland
and Revill et al [217]. However, in most cases, the described methods are of limited
applicability with respect to the analyzable materials and/or the isolable compound
classes.
Willish et al [218] have described a method for the rapid fractionation of sediment and rock into compound classes. The method is based on combined polarity/
affinity chromatography of soluble organic matter. Five heterocompound fractions
were obtained in addition to the conventional saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon
fractions. Model compound studies show that those fractions are chemically welldefined. The applicability to a variety of geological materials is demonstrated by
analysing recent lake sediment samples. Generally reproducibilities and linearities
are satisfactory. The total recoveries vary between 76 and 57%, depending on the
sample type. The method is shown to be well-suited for the bulk compositional
characterisation of soluble organic matter. Separations can be performed on both
analytical and the semi-preparative scales. Isolated fractions are amenable directly
or after derivatisation to qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography
and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Faure et al [219] have discussed the application of gel chromatography and ultra
filtration to the fractionation of organic substances in sediments. Keith et al [83] and
Reijnders et al [84] reviewed applications of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
to sediment analysis.
REFERENCES
[1] Morgan, N.L. (1975) Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 14, 309.
[2] Meyers, P.A. (1978) Chemosphere, 7, 385.
[3] Chesler, S.N., Gump, B.H., Hertz, H., May, W.E. & Wise, S.A. (1978) Analytical
Chemistry, 50, 805.
[4] May, W.E., Chesler, S.N., Cram, S.P., Gump, B.H., Hertz, H.S., Enagonio, D.P. & Dyszel,
S.M. (1975) Journal Chromatographic Science, 13, 535.
[5] Chesler, S.N., Grump, B.H., Hertz, H.S., May, W.E., Dyszel, S.M. & Enagonio, D.P.
National Bureau of Standards (US) Technical Note No. 889, Washington DC, USA.
[6] Berthou, F., Dreano, Y. & Friocourt, M.P. (1981) Journal of Chromatographic Analysis,
203, 279.
[7] Vowles, P.D. & Mantoura, R.F.C. (1987) Chemosphere, 16, 109.
[8] Blumer, M. & Sass, J. (1972) Marine Pollutant Bulletin, 3, 92.
[9] Farrington, J.W. & Quinn, J.G. (1973) Estuary Coastal and Marine Science, 1,71.
[10] Giger, W. & Schanaffer, C. (1978) Analytical Chemistry, 50, 243.
[11] Tan, Y.L. (1979) Journal of Chromatography, 176, 316.
[12] Bjorseth, A., Knutzen, J. & She, J. (1979) Science of the Total Enviornment, 13, 71.
[13] Garriques, P. & Emald, M. (1987) Chemosphere, 16, 485.
[14] Leeuw, De J.W., Leer, E.De W.B., Damste S.S., J. & Schuyl, P.J.W. (1986) Analytical
Chemistry, 58, 1852.
in situ tetraalkylammonium hydroxide-modified silica high-performance liquid chromatography [215]. Li et al [216] describe a method for the isolation of basic and
non-basic azarenes from sediments based on the use of aminocyano-bonded silica
high-performance liquid chromatography columns. An overview concerning recent
developments in the use of liquid chromatographic techniques is provided by Rowland
and Revill et al [217]. However, in most cases, the described methods are of limited
applicability with respect to the analyzable materials and/or the isolable compound
classes.
Willish et al [218] have described a method for the rapid fractionation of sediment and rock into compound classes. The method is based on combined polarity/
affinity chromatography of soluble organic matter. Five heterocompound fractions
were obtained in addition to the conventional saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon
fractions. Model compound studies show that those fractions are chemically welldefined. The applicability to a variety of geological materials is demonstrated by
analysing recent lake sediment samples. Generally reproducibilities and linearities
are satisfactory. The total recoveries vary between 76 and 57%, depending on the
sample type. The method is shown to be well-suited for the bulk compositional
characterisation of soluble organic matter. Separations can be performed on both
analytical and the semi-preparative scales. Isolated fractions are amenable directly
or after derivatisation to qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography
and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Faure et al [219] have discussed the application of gel chromatography and ultra
filtration to the fractionation of organic substances in sediments. Keith et al [83] and
Reijnders et al [84] reviewed applications of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
to sediment analysis.
REFERENCES
[1] Morgan, N.L. (1975) Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 14, 309.
[2] Meyers, P.A. (1978) Chemosphere, 7, 385.
[3] Chesler, S.N., Gump, B.H., Hertz, H., May, W.E. & Wise, S.A. (1978) Analytical
Chemistry, 50, 805.
[4] May, W.E., Chesler, S.N., Cram, S.P., Gump, B.H., Hertz, H.S., Enagonio, D.P. & Dyszel,
S.M. (1975) Journal Chromatographic Science, 13, 535.
[5] Chesler, S.N., Grump, B.H., Hertz, H.S., May, W.E., Dyszel, S.M. & Enagonio, D.P.
National Bureau of Standards (US) Technical Note No. 889, Washington DC, USA.
[6] Berthou, F., Dreano, Y. & Friocourt, M.P. (1981) Journal of Chromatographic Analysis,
203, 279.
[7] Vowles, P.D. & Mantoura, R.F.C. (1987) Chemosphere, 16, 109.
[8] Blumer, M. & Sass, J. (1972) Marine Pollutant Bulletin, 3, 92.
[9] Farrington, J.W. & Quinn, J.G. (1973) Estuary Coastal and Marine Science, 1,71.
[10] Giger, W. & Schanaffer, C. (1978) Analytical Chemistry, 50, 243.
[11] Tan, Y.L. (1979) Journal of Chromatography, 176, 316.
[12] Bjorseth, A., Knutzen, J. & She, J. (1979) Science of the Total Enviornment, 13, 71.
[13] Garriques, P. & Emald, M. (1987) Chemosphere, 16, 485.
[14] Leeuw, De J.W., Leer, E.De W.B., Damste S.S., J. & Schuyl, P.J.W. (1986) Analytical
Chemistry, 58, 1852.