4. Explain the way in which Pb may inhibit an enzyme.
5. Explain the way in which fluoride may inhibit an enzyme.
6. What is meant by facilitated transport?
7. What does active transport refer to? What are the characteristics involved in
this process?
8. List the three main reactions involved in Phase I reaction.
9. Explain the main feature involved in Phase II reaction.
10. List four endogenous substances that may be involved in conjugation
reactions.
11. Explain how a toxicant may directly combine with a cell constituent and
cause injury.
12. What is meant by lethal synthesis?
13. List several metallic ions that can act as a cofactor in an enzyme system.
14. Explain how cell membranes may be disrupted by Cd or Pb.
15. Explain how acetylcholinesterase (AChE) may be inhibited.
16. Explain how SO 2 may damage leaf tissues.
17. What is a free radical? How is it produced?
18. Explain how ozone may injure lipid membranes.
19. Explain the process involved in lipid peroxidation.
20. Explain the way in which cellular macromolecules may be affected by free
radicals.
21. Briefly describe the process involved in estrogenicity.
22. What is meant by an estrogen mimic?
23. What are the major characteristics of estrogen mimics?
24. Give the names of five chemicals that can act as estrogen mimics.
25. Briefly explain the ways in which environmental chemicals may affect the
receptor-mediated process.
64
Environmental Toxicology
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-004.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-004 Page: 64 45-64
5. Explain the way in which fluoride may inhibit an enzyme.
6. What is meant by facilitated transport?
7. What does active transport refer to? What are the characteristics involved in
this process?
8. List the three main reactions involved in Phase I reaction.
9. Explain the main feature involved in Phase II reaction.
10. List four endogenous substances that may be involved in conjugation
reactions.
11. Explain how a toxicant may directly combine with a cell constituent and
cause injury.
12. What is meant by lethal synthesis?
13. List several metallic ions that can act as a cofactor in an enzyme system.
14. Explain how cell membranes may be disrupted by Cd or Pb.
15. Explain how acetylcholinesterase (AChE) may be inhibited.
16. Explain how SO 2 may damage leaf tissues.
17. What is a free radical? How is it produced?
18. Explain how ozone may injure lipid membranes.
19. Explain the process involved in lipid peroxidation.
20. Explain the way in which cellular macromolecules may be affected by free
radicals.
21. Briefly describe the process involved in estrogenicity.
22. What is meant by an estrogen mimic?
23. What are the major characteristics of estrogen mimics?
24. Give the names of five chemicals that can act as estrogen mimics.
25. Briefly explain the ways in which environmental chemicals may affect the
receptor-mediated process.
64
Environmental Toxicology
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-004.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-004 Page: 64 45-64