2. Humble, G.D. and Raschke, K., Stomatal opening quantitatively related to
potassium transport. Evidence from electron probe analysis, Plant Physiol., 48,
447, 1971.
3. Heath, R.L., Initial events in injury to plants by air pollutants, Ann. Rev. Plant
Physiol., 31, 395, 1980.
4. Miller, G.W., Yu, M.-H. and Pushnik, J.C., Basic metabolic and physiologic
effects of fluorides on vegetation, in Shupe, J.L., Peterson, H.B. and Leone,
N.C., Eds., Fluorides – Effects on Vegetation, Animals and Humans, Paragon
Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 1983, p.83.
5. Grimes, H.D., Perkins, K.K. and Boss, W.R., Ozone degrades into hydroxyl
radical under physiological conditions, Plant Physiol., 72, 1016, 1983.
6. Mehlman, M.A. and Borek, C., Toxicity and biochemical mechanisms of
ozone, Environ. Res., 42, 36, 1987.
7. Choie, D.D. and Richter, G.W., Lead poisoning: Rapid formation of
intranuclear inclusions. Science, 177, 1194, 1972.
8. Schwimmer, S. and Balls, A.K., Isolation and properties of crystalline aamylase from germinated barley, J. Biol. Chem., 179, 1063, 1949.
9. Beers, E.P. and Duke, S.H., Characterization of a-amylase from shoots and
cotyledons of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings, Plant Physiol., 92, 1154, 1990.
10. Sarkar, R.K., Banerjee, A. and Mukherji, S., Effects of toxic concentrations of
natrium fluoride on growth and enzyme activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and
jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) seedlings, Biologia Plantarum (Praha), 24, 34,
1982.
11. Yu, M., Shumway, M., and Brockbank, A., Effects of NaF on amylase in
mung bean seedlings, J. Fluorine Chem., 41, 95, 1988.
12. Stokinger, H.E., Mountain, J.T. and Dixon, J.R., Newer toxicologic
methology. Effect on industrial hygiene activity, Arch. Environ. Health, 13,
296, 1966.
13. Yoshida, Y. et al., Metal shift in rats exposed to fluoride, Environ. Sci., 1, 1,
1991.
14. Freeman, B.A. and Crapo J.D., Biology of disease. Free radicals and tissue
injury, Lab. Invest., 47, 412, 1982.
15. Hileman, B., Environmental estrogens linked to reproductive abnormalities,
cancer, C&EN, Jan. 31, 1994, 19.
16. EPA, Special report on environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1997.
17. Schultz, T.W. et al., Estrogenicity of selected biphenyls evaluated using a
recombinant yeast assay, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 1727, 1998.
18. Fry, D.M. and Toone, C.K., DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos,
Science, 213, 922, 1981.
4.6 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Which is more injurious to plants/animals exposed to pollutants continuously or intermittently?
2. Explain the relationship between acid rain and plant injury.
3. Why is acidified soil more harmful to plants than non-acidified soil?
Toxic Action of Pollutants
63
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-004.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-004 Page: 63 45-64
potassium transport. Evidence from electron probe analysis, Plant Physiol., 48,
447, 1971.
3. Heath, R.L., Initial events in injury to plants by air pollutants, Ann. Rev. Plant
Physiol., 31, 395, 1980.
4. Miller, G.W., Yu, M.-H. and Pushnik, J.C., Basic metabolic and physiologic
effects of fluorides on vegetation, in Shupe, J.L., Peterson, H.B. and Leone,
N.C., Eds., Fluorides – Effects on Vegetation, Animals and Humans, Paragon
Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 1983, p.83.
5. Grimes, H.D., Perkins, K.K. and Boss, W.R., Ozone degrades into hydroxyl
radical under physiological conditions, Plant Physiol., 72, 1016, 1983.
6. Mehlman, M.A. and Borek, C., Toxicity and biochemical mechanisms of
ozone, Environ. Res., 42, 36, 1987.
7. Choie, D.D. and Richter, G.W., Lead poisoning: Rapid formation of
intranuclear inclusions. Science, 177, 1194, 1972.
8. Schwimmer, S. and Balls, A.K., Isolation and properties of crystalline aamylase from germinated barley, J. Biol. Chem., 179, 1063, 1949.
9. Beers, E.P. and Duke, S.H., Characterization of a-amylase from shoots and
cotyledons of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings, Plant Physiol., 92, 1154, 1990.
10. Sarkar, R.K., Banerjee, A. and Mukherji, S., Effects of toxic concentrations of
natrium fluoride on growth and enzyme activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and
jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) seedlings, Biologia Plantarum (Praha), 24, 34,
1982.
11. Yu, M., Shumway, M., and Brockbank, A., Effects of NaF on amylase in
mung bean seedlings, J. Fluorine Chem., 41, 95, 1988.
12. Stokinger, H.E., Mountain, J.T. and Dixon, J.R., Newer toxicologic
methology. Effect on industrial hygiene activity, Arch. Environ. Health, 13,
296, 1966.
13. Yoshida, Y. et al., Metal shift in rats exposed to fluoride, Environ. Sci., 1, 1,
1991.
14. Freeman, B.A. and Crapo J.D., Biology of disease. Free radicals and tissue
injury, Lab. Invest., 47, 412, 1982.
15. Hileman, B., Environmental estrogens linked to reproductive abnormalities,
cancer, C&EN, Jan. 31, 1994, 19.
16. EPA, Special report on environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1997.
17. Schultz, T.W. et al., Estrogenicity of selected biphenyls evaluated using a
recombinant yeast assay, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 1727, 1998.
18. Fry, D.M. and Toone, C.K., DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos,
Science, 213, 922, 1981.
4.6 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Which is more injurious to plants/animals exposed to pollutants continuously or intermittently?
2. Explain the relationship between acid rain and plant injury.
3. Why is acidified soil more harmful to plants than non-acidified soil?
Toxic Action of Pollutants
63
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-004.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-004 Page: 63 45-64