10.2.3 Natural Waters
150
10.2.4 Minerals and Soils
150
10.2.5 Foods
151
10.3 Industrial Sources of Fluoride Pollution
152
10.3.1 Introduction
152
10.3.2 Manufacture of Phosphate Fertilizers
152
10.3.3 Manufacture of Aluminum
153
10.3.4 Manufacture of Steel
153
10.3.5 Combustion of Coal
154
10.4 Effects on Plants
154
10.5 Effects on Animals
157
10.5.1 Introduction
157
10.5.2 Acute Effects
157
10.5.3 Chronic Effects
157
10.6 Effects on Humans
161
10.6.1 Daily Intake
161
10.6.2 Absorption
162
10.6.3 Acute Effects
162
10.6.4 Chronic Effects
162
10.7 Biochemical Effect
163
10.7.1 In Plants
163
10.7.2 In Animals and Humans
165
10.8 Nutritional Factors Affecting Fluoride Toxicity
167
10.9 References
168
10.10 Review Questions
170
CHAPTER 11 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
171
11.1 Introduction
171
11.2 Sources
171
11.3 Petroleum Hydrocarbons
172
11.3.1 Alkanes
173
11.3.1.1 Properties and Use
173
11.3.1.2 Health Effects
174
11.3.2 Alkenes
174
11.3.2.1 Properties and Use
174
11.3.2.2 Health Effects
175
11.3.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
175
11.3.3.1 Benzene
175
11.3.3.2 Toluene
177
11.3.3.3 Xylenes
177
11.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
178
11.4.1 Introduction
178
11.4.2 Sources
178
11.4.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
179
11.4.4 Transport
179
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Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Prelims Page: xviii 4-24