37. McLaughlin, S.B. et al., Effects of chronic air pollution stress on photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and growth of white pine trees (Pinus strobus), For. Sci.,
28, 60, 1982.
38. Blum, U., Mrozek, E. Jr. and Johnson, E., Investigation of ozone (O 3 ) effects
on
14 C distribution in Ladino clover, Environ. Exp. Bot., 23, 369, 1983.
39. Perchorozicz, J.T. and Ting, I.P., Ozone effects on plant cell permeability,
Amer. J. Bot., 61, 787, 1974.
40. Pauls, K.P. and Thomspon, J.E., Effects of in vitro treatment with ozone on the
physical and chemical properties of membranes, Physiol. Plant., 53, 255, 1981.
41. Dugger, W.M. and Ting, I.P., Air pollution oxidants: their effects on metabolic
processes in plants, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 21, 215, 1970.
42. Yu, M.-H., unpublished data, 2004.
43. Tingey, D.T., Fites, R.C. and Wickliff, C., Activity changes in selected enzymes
from soybean leaves following ozone exposure, Physiol. Plant., 33, 316, 1975.
44. Mudd, J. B. et al., Reaction of ozone with amino acids and proteins, Atm.
Environ., 3, 669, 1969.
45. Bates, D.V. and Hazucha, M., in Proceedings of the Conference on Health
Effects of Air Pollutants, Ser. 93-15. NAS/NRC for the U.S. Senate Committee
on Public Works. US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973.
46. P’an, A.Y.S., Beland, J. and Zygmund, J., Ozone-induced arterial lesions,
Arch. Environ. Health, 24, 229, 1972.
47. Horvath, S.M., Gliner, J.A. and Folinsbee, L.J., Adaptation to ozone:
duration of effect, Am. Rev.Respir. Dis., 123, 496, 1981.
48. Balchum, O.J., O’Brian, J.S. and Goldstein, B.D., Ozone and unsaturated fatty
acids, Arch. Environ. Health, 22, 32, 1971.
49. Goldstein, B.D. et al., Ozone and vitamin E, Science, 169, 605, 1970.
50. Mueller, P.K. and Hitchcock, M., Air quality criteria – toxicological appraisal
for oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc.,
19, 670, 1969.
51. Mactutus, C.F. and Flechter, L.D., Prenatal exposure to carbon monoxide,
Science, 223, 409, 1984.
8.7 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Briefly explain the role that the free hydroxyl radical (OH
Á ) plays in the
atmosphere.
2. Explain the chemical changes that occur once SO 2 is absorbed into a plant
leaf.
3. Compare the phytotoxicity of S-containing chemical species produced from
SO 2 in a plant leaf.
4. What could be the basis for different plant species to exhibit different
sensitivity to SO 2 ?
5. How is SO 2 exposure related to respiratory system in animals and humans?
6. Explain the toxic effect of acidic aerosol inhalation in humans.
7. Describe the photolytic cycle of NO 2 .
8. Explain the way in which plants may make use of dissolved NO x .
9. What can you tell from the observation that lipid peroxidation is more
severe in animals whose dietary vitamin E is deficient?
Air Pollution – Inorganic Gases
133
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Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-008 Page: 133 111-134
28, 60, 1982.
38. Blum, U., Mrozek, E. Jr. and Johnson, E., Investigation of ozone (O 3 ) effects
on
14 C distribution in Ladino clover, Environ. Exp. Bot., 23, 369, 1983.
39. Perchorozicz, J.T. and Ting, I.P., Ozone effects on plant cell permeability,
Amer. J. Bot., 61, 787, 1974.
40. Pauls, K.P. and Thomspon, J.E., Effects of in vitro treatment with ozone on the
physical and chemical properties of membranes, Physiol. Plant., 53, 255, 1981.
41. Dugger, W.M. and Ting, I.P., Air pollution oxidants: their effects on metabolic
processes in plants, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 21, 215, 1970.
42. Yu, M.-H., unpublished data, 2004.
43. Tingey, D.T., Fites, R.C. and Wickliff, C., Activity changes in selected enzymes
from soybean leaves following ozone exposure, Physiol. Plant., 33, 316, 1975.
44. Mudd, J. B. et al., Reaction of ozone with amino acids and proteins, Atm.
Environ., 3, 669, 1969.
45. Bates, D.V. and Hazucha, M., in Proceedings of the Conference on Health
Effects of Air Pollutants, Ser. 93-15. NAS/NRC for the U.S. Senate Committee
on Public Works. US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973.
46. P’an, A.Y.S., Beland, J. and Zygmund, J., Ozone-induced arterial lesions,
Arch. Environ. Health, 24, 229, 1972.
47. Horvath, S.M., Gliner, J.A. and Folinsbee, L.J., Adaptation to ozone:
duration of effect, Am. Rev.Respir. Dis., 123, 496, 1981.
48. Balchum, O.J., O’Brian, J.S. and Goldstein, B.D., Ozone and unsaturated fatty
acids, Arch. Environ. Health, 22, 32, 1971.
49. Goldstein, B.D. et al., Ozone and vitamin E, Science, 169, 605, 1970.
50. Mueller, P.K. and Hitchcock, M., Air quality criteria – toxicological appraisal
for oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc.,
19, 670, 1969.
51. Mactutus, C.F. and Flechter, L.D., Prenatal exposure to carbon monoxide,
Science, 223, 409, 1984.
8.7 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Briefly explain the role that the free hydroxyl radical (OH
Á ) plays in the
atmosphere.
2. Explain the chemical changes that occur once SO 2 is absorbed into a plant
leaf.
3. Compare the phytotoxicity of S-containing chemical species produced from
SO 2 in a plant leaf.
4. What could be the basis for different plant species to exhibit different
sensitivity to SO 2 ?
5. How is SO 2 exposure related to respiratory system in animals and humans?
6. Explain the toxic effect of acidic aerosol inhalation in humans.
7. Describe the photolytic cycle of NO 2 .
8. Explain the way in which plants may make use of dissolved NO x .
9. What can you tell from the observation that lipid peroxidation is more
severe in animals whose dietary vitamin E is deficient?
Air Pollution – Inorganic Gases
133
[16:53 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-008.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-008 Page: 133 111-134