4. Explain how vitamins C and E act as free-radical scavengers. What are the
main differences between vitamins C and E when they act as free-radical
scavengers?
5. Which is generally more injurious to an organism exposed to a toxicant, a
continuous exposure or an intermittent exposure?
6. Explain the differences between synergism and antagonism. Also, explain
how Zn and Cd may interact.
7. What are the reasons for old and young people being more susceptible than
adults to toxicant-induced injury?
8. How may nutrition generally affect toxicology?
9. Explain how a person’s protein nutrition may affect his or her response to
xenobiotics.
10. What role do dietary lipids play in affecting the toxicity of organochlorine
pesticides?
11. Explain the relationship between vitamin A and fluoride-induced toxicity.
12. Explain the role that vitamin E plays in lipid peroxidation.
13. What role do vitamins C and E play in nitrosation?
14. Why is Fe deficiency related to the MFO system?
15. Explain the relationship between a low-protein diet and the levels of
antioxidant enzymes.
16. How does ascorbate interact with vitamin E free radicals?
17. What role does Se play in detoxification? Also, briefly explain the
mechanism involved.
84
Environmental Toxicology
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-005.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-005 Page: 84 65-84
main differences between vitamins C and E when they act as free-radical
scavengers?
5. Which is generally more injurious to an organism exposed to a toxicant, a
continuous exposure or an intermittent exposure?
6. Explain the differences between synergism and antagonism. Also, explain
how Zn and Cd may interact.
7. What are the reasons for old and young people being more susceptible than
adults to toxicant-induced injury?
8. How may nutrition generally affect toxicology?
9. Explain how a person’s protein nutrition may affect his or her response to
xenobiotics.
10. What role do dietary lipids play in affecting the toxicity of organochlorine
pesticides?
11. Explain the relationship between vitamin A and fluoride-induced toxicity.
12. Explain the role that vitamin E plays in lipid peroxidation.
13. What role do vitamins C and E play in nitrosation?
14. Why is Fe deficiency related to the MFO system?
15. Explain the relationship between a low-protein diet and the levels of
antioxidant enzymes.
16. How does ascorbate interact with vitamin E free radicals?
17. What role does Se play in detoxification? Also, briefly explain the
mechanism involved.
84
Environmental Toxicology
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-005.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-005 Page: 84 65-84