24. Fariss, M.W., Pascoe, G.A. and Reed, D.J., Vitamin E reversal of the effect of
extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes, Science,
227, 751, 1985.
25. Kuenzig, W., The effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on extrahepatic microsomal
metabolism of drugs and carcinogens in the guinea pig, J. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther., 201,527, 1977.
26. Block, G., Vitamin C status and cancer, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 669, 280, 1992.
27. Narisawa, T. et al., Large bowel carcinogenesis in mice and rats by several
intrarectal doses of methylnitrosourea and negative effect of nitrite plus
methylurea, Cancer Res., 36, 505, 1976.
28. Mirvish, S.S. et al., Induction of mouse lung adenomas by amines or ureas plus
nitrite by N-nitroso compounds: effect of ascorbate, gallis acid, thio cyanate,
and caffeine, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 55, 633, 1975.
29. Fox, M.R S. and Fry, B.E. Jr., Cadmium toxicity decreased by dietary ascorbic
acid supplements, Science, 169, 989, 1970.
30. Finckh, B.F. and Kunert, K.J., Vitamin C and E: An antioxidative system
against herbicide-induced lipid peroxidation in higher plants, J. Agric. Food
Chem., 33, 574, 1985.
31. Calabrese, E.J., Nutrition and Environmental Health, Vol. 1., John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 1980, p.452.
32. Zannoni, V.G., Ascorbic acid and liver microsomal metabolism, Acta
Vitaminol. Enzymol., 31, 17, 1977.
33. Bucca, C., Rolla, G., and Farina, J.C., Effect of vitamin C on transient increase
of bronchial responsiveness in conditions affecting the airways, Ann. N.Y.
Acad. Sci., 669, 1992.
34. Chinoy, N.J. and Patel, D., Influence of fluoride on biological free radicals in
ovary of mice and its reversal, Environ. Sci., 6, 171, 1998.
35. Rielski, B.H., Chemistry of ascorbic acid radicals, in Seib, P.A. and Tolbert,
B.M., Eds., Ascorbic Acid: Chemistry, Metabolism, and Uses, ACS,
Washington, D.C., 1982, p.81.
36. Sandstead, H.H., Interactions of toxic elements with essential elements:
Introduction, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 355, 282, 1980.
37. Hoensch, H., Woo, C.H. and Schmid, R., Cytochrome P-450 and drug
metabolism in intestinal villous and crypt cells of rats: Effect of dietary iron,
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commn., 65, 399, 1975.
38. Minakata, K. et al., Dietary Mg and/or K restriction enhances paraquat
toxicity in rats, Arch. Toxicol., 72, 450, 1998.
39. Bus, J.S. and Gibson, J.E., Paraquat; model for oxidant-initiated toxicity,
Environ. Health Perspect., 55, 37, 1984.
5.10 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Explain how protein nutrition may affect the body’s response to environmental chemicals.
2. What is meant by oxygen stress?
3. What are antioxidants? Give four examples of both endogenous antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes system.
Factors Affecting Xenobiotic Action
83
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-005.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-005 Page: 83 65-84
extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes, Science,
227, 751, 1985.
25. Kuenzig, W., The effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on extrahepatic microsomal
metabolism of drugs and carcinogens in the guinea pig, J. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther., 201,527, 1977.
26. Block, G., Vitamin C status and cancer, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 669, 280, 1992.
27. Narisawa, T. et al., Large bowel carcinogenesis in mice and rats by several
intrarectal doses of methylnitrosourea and negative effect of nitrite plus
methylurea, Cancer Res., 36, 505, 1976.
28. Mirvish, S.S. et al., Induction of mouse lung adenomas by amines or ureas plus
nitrite by N-nitroso compounds: effect of ascorbate, gallis acid, thio cyanate,
and caffeine, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 55, 633, 1975.
29. Fox, M.R S. and Fry, B.E. Jr., Cadmium toxicity decreased by dietary ascorbic
acid supplements, Science, 169, 989, 1970.
30. Finckh, B.F. and Kunert, K.J., Vitamin C and E: An antioxidative system
against herbicide-induced lipid peroxidation in higher plants, J. Agric. Food
Chem., 33, 574, 1985.
31. Calabrese, E.J., Nutrition and Environmental Health, Vol. 1., John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 1980, p.452.
32. Zannoni, V.G., Ascorbic acid and liver microsomal metabolism, Acta
Vitaminol. Enzymol., 31, 17, 1977.
33. Bucca, C., Rolla, G., and Farina, J.C., Effect of vitamin C on transient increase
of bronchial responsiveness in conditions affecting the airways, Ann. N.Y.
Acad. Sci., 669, 1992.
34. Chinoy, N.J. and Patel, D., Influence of fluoride on biological free radicals in
ovary of mice and its reversal, Environ. Sci., 6, 171, 1998.
35. Rielski, B.H., Chemistry of ascorbic acid radicals, in Seib, P.A. and Tolbert,
B.M., Eds., Ascorbic Acid: Chemistry, Metabolism, and Uses, ACS,
Washington, D.C., 1982, p.81.
36. Sandstead, H.H., Interactions of toxic elements with essential elements:
Introduction, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 355, 282, 1980.
37. Hoensch, H., Woo, C.H. and Schmid, R., Cytochrome P-450 and drug
metabolism in intestinal villous and crypt cells of rats: Effect of dietary iron,
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commn., 65, 399, 1975.
38. Minakata, K. et al., Dietary Mg and/or K restriction enhances paraquat
toxicity in rats, Arch. Toxicol., 72, 450, 1998.
39. Bus, J.S. and Gibson, J.E., Paraquat; model for oxidant-initiated toxicity,
Environ. Health Perspect., 55, 37, 1984.
5.10 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Explain how protein nutrition may affect the body’s response to environmental chemicals.
2. What is meant by oxygen stress?
3. What are antioxidants? Give four examples of both endogenous antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes system.
Factors Affecting Xenobiotic Action
83
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-005.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-005 Page: 83 65-84