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L. Chaari Fourati and S. Said
to collecting node known as data collector or a gateway or a coordinator (smartphone or PDA: Personal Data Assistant) which is connected to the remote server
(for data processing and storage) through the internet network (via WiFi) or the
cellular networks (4G or 5G) [1]. RHMS could be based on three or four tiers
architectures [2]. In this work, we focus our investigation on the first tier. Therefore, different communication technologies were suggested for the data exchange
between the body sensors nodes and the coordinator(the first tier). Among the
most deployed communication technologies in the first tier, we can highlight the
following:
IEEE 802.15.4 [3–6].
IEEE 802.15.6 [7–12].
Bluetooth Low Energy [13–15].
The IEEE 802.15.6 [7] is the dedicated standards for the communication between the sensors and the coordinator. Nowadays, sensing devices with
802.15.6 modules are not available enough for the commercial usage in the market and they are more expensive than wearable sensors with Bluetooth Low
Energy (BLE) which are widely commercialized by many sensors constructors
such as libelium, mindwave.... For this reason, in this paper, our investigation is
related to RHMS using sensors with BLE interfaces.
1.2 Contributions and Paper Organisation
The goal of this article is to study and analyze the most significant efforts related
to RHMS integrating BLE communication modules. Accordingly, this paper provides a rich bibliography in the domain that can support future reading in this
emerging field and pinpoints the technical issues related to the design and development of the BLE based RHMS. Furthermore, this investigation selects and
considers several pioneering studies that can act as a roadmap of this wideranging research area. Although there is a lot of research works recently proposed
that focused on RHMS, to the best of our knowledge, there is no thorough study
that cogitates all BLE based RHMS design and development issues. The main
contributions of this paper summarized as follows:
(1) state-of-the-art analysis related to BLE based RHMS for mono and multi
physiological data sensing;
(2) comprehensive study and roadmap related to the design and the development
of BLE based RHMS;
(3) BLE Processing and computation issues of sensed physiological data.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: the second section describes
the basic architecture of RHMS and analyses some related works about BLE
based systems for single or multiple sensors. The third section overviews the
basic concepts of communication systems based on BLE. The fourth section
describes BLE Processing and computation of sensed physiological data such as
ECG, SpO2, EMG, HR, etc. . . and highlights BLE service characteristics data
related to each sensor. Finally, the fifth section concludes the paper and draws
our future directions.
L. Chaari Fourati and S. Said
to collecting node known as data collector or a gateway or a coordinator (smartphone or PDA: Personal Data Assistant) which is connected to the remote server
(for data processing and storage) through the internet network (via WiFi) or the
cellular networks (4G or 5G) [1]. RHMS could be based on three or four tiers
architectures [2]. In this work, we focus our investigation on the first tier. Therefore, different communication technologies were suggested for the data exchange
between the body sensors nodes and the coordinator(the first tier). Among the
most deployed communication technologies in the first tier, we can highlight the
following:
IEEE 802.15.4 [3–6].
IEEE 802.15.6 [7–12].
Bluetooth Low Energy [13–15].
The IEEE 802.15.6 [7] is the dedicated standards for the communication between the sensors and the coordinator. Nowadays, sensing devices with
802.15.6 modules are not available enough for the commercial usage in the market and they are more expensive than wearable sensors with Bluetooth Low
Energy (BLE) which are widely commercialized by many sensors constructors
such as libelium, mindwave.... For this reason, in this paper, our investigation is
related to RHMS using sensors with BLE interfaces.
1.2 Contributions and Paper Organisation
The goal of this article is to study and analyze the most significant efforts related
to RHMS integrating BLE communication modules. Accordingly, this paper provides a rich bibliography in the domain that can support future reading in this
emerging field and pinpoints the technical issues related to the design and development of the BLE based RHMS. Furthermore, this investigation selects and
considers several pioneering studies that can act as a roadmap of this wideranging research area. Although there is a lot of research works recently proposed
that focused on RHMS, to the best of our knowledge, there is no thorough study
that cogitates all BLE based RHMS design and development issues. The main
contributions of this paper summarized as follows:
(1) state-of-the-art analysis related to BLE based RHMS for mono and multi
physiological data sensing;
(2) comprehensive study and roadmap related to the design and the development
of BLE based RHMS;
(3) BLE Processing and computation issues of sensed physiological data.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: the second section describes
the basic architecture of RHMS and analyses some related works about BLE
based systems for single or multiple sensors. The third section overviews the
basic concepts of communication systems based on BLE. The fourth section
describes BLE Processing and computation of sensed physiological data such as
ECG, SpO2, EMG, HR, etc. . . and highlights BLE service characteristics data
related to each sensor. Finally, the fifth section concludes the paper and draws
our future directions.