Annotative activity is different when dealing with the professional annotator case.
These annotations are created in a specific context, will follow a path, developed for the
purpose of determining a specific task etc.
The annotation is expanded in a document flow. The latter is a carrier of the ratings.
These annotations processed in this context are complementary. They provide us with
information scattered over different documents. In fact, if we try to understand each one
separately, in other words; if we separate an annotation from its creative context, we
find that it does not make sense. In short, the annotation can be understood only in its
semantic field.
For this reason, the study of annotation in a professional context obliges us to
implement an annotation model that describes what actually happens. This model must
provide us with the necessary links either at the level of the annotated documents or at
the level of the tasks made without forgetting to take into account the specificity of the
annotation’s production domain. The documents that usually belong to a folder that is
made for the purpose of carrying out a task has a definite circuit that repeats itself each
time one needs to do this task. The proper understanding of annotations can be done in
its creative context.
Doctors in/after consultation [45] use internet to search information that can help
him. Based on their annotations it’s possible to assist doctors and to gives him automatically pertinent information, from the net, after studying and analyzing their
annotations.
This paper is organized as follows: Sect. 2 gives a classification of these tools based
on several criteria; Sect. 3 gives a model proposition. Finally, Sect. 4 concludes this
article.
2 Health Record Annotations and Medical Annotation
Systems
In this work, we started with an exhaustive reading for the available papers on medical
annotation systems (academic annotation system) and viewing the existing industrial
annotation systems in the e-health domain. Although the medical annotation systems
have already been studied in a variety of contexts, yet when it comes to the PHC to
choose which system to use it is not a trivial task neither for a researcher to identify
future research areas. This is because the annotation systems are so common and many
of them share similar objectives. Moreover, there are no formal criteria to facilitate the
comparison between those systems and to guide PHC choice or a researcher. As a
result, there is a fragmented picture of these annotation tools. As far as we know, this is
the first work to consider the classification of medical annotation system. When we
determined the study of these systems we deduced that there are several common
criteria which can classify these later. Several studies have proposed classifications of
annotation systems in several fields [34, 35, 37] or in the field of e-health [42, 43]. We
propose a classification based on 5 criteria which are: type of medical annotation
object, the medical annotation activity, healthcare professional (Practitioner), type of
annotation system, type of annotated resource.
Study of Healthcare Professionals’ Interaction
317
These annotations are created in a specific context, will follow a path, developed for the
purpose of determining a specific task etc.
The annotation is expanded in a document flow. The latter is a carrier of the ratings.
These annotations processed in this context are complementary. They provide us with
information scattered over different documents. In fact, if we try to understand each one
separately, in other words; if we separate an annotation from its creative context, we
find that it does not make sense. In short, the annotation can be understood only in its
semantic field.
For this reason, the study of annotation in a professional context obliges us to
implement an annotation model that describes what actually happens. This model must
provide us with the necessary links either at the level of the annotated documents or at
the level of the tasks made without forgetting to take into account the specificity of the
annotation’s production domain. The documents that usually belong to a folder that is
made for the purpose of carrying out a task has a definite circuit that repeats itself each
time one needs to do this task. The proper understanding of annotations can be done in
its creative context.
Doctors in/after consultation [45] use internet to search information that can help
him. Based on their annotations it’s possible to assist doctors and to gives him automatically pertinent information, from the net, after studying and analyzing their
annotations.
This paper is organized as follows: Sect. 2 gives a classification of these tools based
on several criteria; Sect. 3 gives a model proposition. Finally, Sect. 4 concludes this
article.
2 Health Record Annotations and Medical Annotation
Systems
In this work, we started with an exhaustive reading for the available papers on medical
annotation systems (academic annotation system) and viewing the existing industrial
annotation systems in the e-health domain. Although the medical annotation systems
have already been studied in a variety of contexts, yet when it comes to the PHC to
choose which system to use it is not a trivial task neither for a researcher to identify
future research areas. This is because the annotation systems are so common and many
of them share similar objectives. Moreover, there are no formal criteria to facilitate the
comparison between those systems and to guide PHC choice or a researcher. As a
result, there is a fragmented picture of these annotation tools. As far as we know, this is
the first work to consider the classification of medical annotation system. When we
determined the study of these systems we deduced that there are several common
criteria which can classify these later. Several studies have proposed classifications of
annotation systems in several fields [34, 35, 37] or in the field of e-health [42, 43]. We
propose a classification based on 5 criteria which are: type of medical annotation
object, the medical annotation activity, healthcare professional (Practitioner), type of
annotation system, type of annotated resource.
Study of Healthcare Professionals’ Interaction
317