collars, 26; dye marking, 23, 27–28,
39; egg marker, 29; fin removal, 19,
21; fluorescent paint, 23; fluorescent
pigment, 21; fluorescent powder or
paste, 32; freeze branding, 33, 35, 38;
fur clipping, 33, 35; legband, 26, 28;
literature on, 16–17; mutilation, 19,
25, 31, 38, 43; natural markers, 43;
neckbands, 27; paint marking, 23–24,
27, 39; procedures reporting, 44;
radiotelemetry, 19, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30,
31, 33–35, 39, 44; staining, 24;
tagging, 18–20, 23, 24, 25, 31–32,
38, 43; technological advances,
43–44; tetracycline, 20; titanium
dioxide, 27; toe clipping, 24, 25,
31–32, 38; transponder (PIT)
tagging, 18, 21, 24, 25, 31–32, 44;
treatment by professional societies,
37–39; wing tag, 27–28
Markov chain: analysis, 375; model,
342–43; properties, 376
marten, 121, 135, 323
mating group, 355
matman, 372, 375
matrix use in behavioral sciences, 371–
73
meadow vole, 35, 178
mean crowding index, 96, 100
metapopulation persistence, 291
methodological value judgments, 7–8
microhistological analysis, 171–72
minimum mappable unit (MMU),
409–410
minimum viable population (MVP), 288
models: calibration, 148; choosing, 275;
defined, 2; fitting, 273–74;
mathematical, 4–5; precise, 5;
validation, 5, 147, 277–278;
verification, 5, 147
Monte Carlo: methods, 320–21;
simulation, 224–25
moose, 3, 8, 122, 134, 170, 256, 265,
267–68
mortality data, analysis, 196–99
mountain sheep, 122
mule deer, 258, 301, 311–13
multi-criteria decision-making technique,
399–400
multiple equilibria, 255–56
multiple-matrix analysis, 375
multispecies systems, 269
muskoxen, 119, 122
muskrat, 144, 258
narrowleaf cottonwood tree, 140
nectarivorous birds, 73, 95
nested analysis, 375
nesting success, 145
neutral effect of variables, 405
neutrally stable oscillations, 261–62
nibbling, 340–41
Noldus Observer, 368
nominal group technique, 399–400
nonequilibrium paradigm, 8
nonhabitat, 112, 124
nonlinear dynamics, 289
northern spotted owl, 10, 143, 149, 280,
301
Norway rat, 353
numerical response, 261, 264–67
observational data, analysis of, 369–80
optimal foraging theory, 179–80, 265
paradigm, defined, 6
parasitoid-host interactions, 276
parsimony, principle of, 4
partridge, 204
peccaries, 100
pellet counts, 120
phenotypic variation, 301
pine marten, 69
pine spinner moth, 201
I N D E X
439
39; egg marker, 29; fin removal, 19,
21; fluorescent paint, 23; fluorescent
pigment, 21; fluorescent powder or
paste, 32; freeze branding, 33, 35, 38;
fur clipping, 33, 35; legband, 26, 28;
literature on, 16–17; mutilation, 19,
25, 31, 38, 43; natural markers, 43;
neckbands, 27; paint marking, 23–24,
27, 39; procedures reporting, 44;
radiotelemetry, 19, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30,
31, 33–35, 39, 44; staining, 24;
tagging, 18–20, 23, 24, 25, 31–32,
38, 43; technological advances,
43–44; tetracycline, 20; titanium
dioxide, 27; toe clipping, 24, 25,
31–32, 38; transponder (PIT)
tagging, 18, 21, 24, 25, 31–32, 44;
treatment by professional societies,
37–39; wing tag, 27–28
Markov chain: analysis, 375; model,
342–43; properties, 376
marten, 121, 135, 323
mating group, 355
matman, 372, 375
matrix use in behavioral sciences, 371–
73
meadow vole, 35, 178
mean crowding index, 96, 100
metapopulation persistence, 291
methodological value judgments, 7–8
microhistological analysis, 171–72
minimum mappable unit (MMU),
409–410
minimum viable population (MVP), 288
models: calibration, 148; choosing, 275;
defined, 2; fitting, 273–74;
mathematical, 4–5; precise, 5;
validation, 5, 147, 277–278;
verification, 5, 147
Monte Carlo: methods, 320–21;
simulation, 224–25
moose, 3, 8, 122, 134, 170, 256, 265,
267–68
mortality data, analysis, 196–99
mountain sheep, 122
mule deer, 258, 301, 311–13
multi-criteria decision-making technique,
399–400
multiple equilibria, 255–56
multiple-matrix analysis, 375
multispecies systems, 269
muskoxen, 119, 122
muskrat, 144, 258
narrowleaf cottonwood tree, 140
nectarivorous birds, 73, 95
nested analysis, 375
nesting success, 145
neutral effect of variables, 405
neutrally stable oscillations, 261–62
nibbling, 340–41
Noldus Observer, 368
nominal group technique, 399–400
nonequilibrium paradigm, 8
nonhabitat, 112, 124
nonlinear dynamics, 289
northern spotted owl, 10, 143, 149, 280,
301
Norway rat, 353
numerical response, 261, 264–67
observational data, analysis of, 369–80
optimal foraging theory, 179–80, 265
paradigm, defined, 6
parasitoid-host interactions, 276
parsimony, principle of, 4
partridge, 204
peccaries, 100
pellet counts, 120
phenotypic variation, 301
pine marten, 69
pine spinner moth, 201
I N D E X
439