438
I N D E X
home range estimators (continued )
mean distribution, 81–82; kernel,
86–90, 101–102; minimum convex
polygon, 79–80, 101; survival
estimator, 79
home range overlap: dynamic interaction,
97–98; static interaction, 95–97
hypotheses: defined, 2; deterministic, 8;
falsification of, 4; multiple working,
4; null, 9; probabilistic, 8; statistical,
8–9; testing, 1–12; universal, 3
indices of association, 355–59
indices of population abundance: defined,
215; index-abundance relationships,
214–17; non-linear (asymptotic)
relationship, 215; sampling errors,
217, 223, 226; saturation
phenomena, 215–17; threshold
relationship, 215–17; types of indices,
214; validation of, 220; variability,
224–27, 233–46; variability of indexabundance functions, 217–19
individual variation (heterogeneity),
301–302, 304, 312
individual identification, bias in, 362–64
individual-based models, 304, 315
Ivlev electivity index, 115
Ivlev functional response, 268
jackal, 356
Kappa statistic, 418
key factor analysis, 201, 204–207
kin group, 355
k-values, 197, 204
lag sequential analysis, 374–75
laws, defined, 2
least tern, 149
lemming (brown), 265
Leslie matrix, 258, 314–15
life tables, 196–99
lion, 165
locust, 406
logistic regression model, 312–13
long-tailed macaque, 348–49
Lotka, Alfred J., 261
Lotka-Volterra model, 5, 260–62
macro-microhabitat, 119–20, 146
Mahalanobis distance, 407–408
mallard duck, 124, 376
Manly-Chesson index, 115, 126, 128–30
mapping accuracy, 416–21, 424
mara, 356
marker evaluation studies, 15, 20–22,
44–46; critique, 35–37; evaluation
methods, 37; results assessing, 37
marker’s choice, 17, 37–39; critique of
guidelines available, 39; guidelines by
professional societies, 37–38
marking, 15, 46; amphibians, 23–26;
birds, 26–31; fish, 18–23; mammals,
31–35; reptiles, 23–26
marking effects: assumption of no effects,
15; distinguish from those of
handling, 36–37; minimization,
40–41; treatment, 40–41, 44–46;
postmarking recovery, 41
marking effects on: activity, 32–35;
behavior, 20–22, 25–30, 32–34;
condition, 20–21, 25, 27, 33;
energetics, 31, 33, 35; foraging, 18,
29, 33; growth, 18–22, 33–34;
locomotion, 18–19; mass, 20–21, 27,
32–34; movements, 21–22, 32–34;
parasitism/disease, 22, 32, 34;
physiology, 20–22, 26, 28–29, 32–33;
predation, 21, 25, 32–34;
reproduction, 27–29, 33–34; social
behavior, 33; stress, 33; survival,
18–22, 25, 27, 29–30, 32–34
marking techniques: branding, 23, 24, 38;
I N D E X
home range estimators (continued )
mean distribution, 81–82; kernel,
86–90, 101–102; minimum convex
polygon, 79–80, 101; survival
estimator, 79
home range overlap: dynamic interaction,
97–98; static interaction, 95–97
hypotheses: defined, 2; deterministic, 8;
falsification of, 4; multiple working,
4; null, 9; probabilistic, 8; statistical,
8–9; testing, 1–12; universal, 3
indices of association, 355–59
indices of population abundance: defined,
215; index-abundance relationships,
214–17; non-linear (asymptotic)
relationship, 215; sampling errors,
217, 223, 226; saturation
phenomena, 215–17; threshold
relationship, 215–17; types of indices,
214; validation of, 220; variability,
224–27, 233–46; variability of indexabundance functions, 217–19
individual variation (heterogeneity),
301–302, 304, 312
individual identification, bias in, 362–64
individual-based models, 304, 315
Ivlev electivity index, 115
Ivlev functional response, 268
jackal, 356
Kappa statistic, 418
key factor analysis, 201, 204–207
kin group, 355
k-values, 197, 204
lag sequential analysis, 374–75
laws, defined, 2
least tern, 149
lemming (brown), 265
Leslie matrix, 258, 314–15
life tables, 196–99
lion, 165
locust, 406
logistic regression model, 312–13
long-tailed macaque, 348–49
Lotka, Alfred J., 261
Lotka-Volterra model, 5, 260–62
macro-microhabitat, 119–20, 146
Mahalanobis distance, 407–408
mallard duck, 124, 376
Manly-Chesson index, 115, 126, 128–30
mapping accuracy, 416–21, 424
mara, 356
marker evaluation studies, 15, 20–22,
44–46; critique, 35–37; evaluation
methods, 37; results assessing, 37
marker’s choice, 17, 37–39; critique of
guidelines available, 39; guidelines by
professional societies, 37–38
marking, 15, 46; amphibians, 23–26;
birds, 26–31; fish, 18–23; mammals,
31–35; reptiles, 23–26
marking effects: assumption of no effects,
15; distinguish from those of
handling, 36–37; minimization,
40–41; treatment, 40–41, 44–46;
postmarking recovery, 41
marking effects on: activity, 32–35;
behavior, 20–22, 25–30, 32–34;
condition, 20–21, 25, 27, 33;
energetics, 31, 33, 35; foraging, 18,
29, 33; growth, 18–22, 33–34;
locomotion, 18–19; mass, 20–21, 27,
32–34; movements, 21–22, 32–34;
parasitism/disease, 22, 32, 34;
physiology, 20–22, 26, 28–29, 32–33;
predation, 21, 25, 32–34;
reproduction, 27–29, 33–34; social
behavior, 33; stress, 33; survival,
18–22, 25, 27, 29–30, 32–34
marking techniques: branding, 23, 24, 38;