184
J O H N A . L I T VA I T I S
Alverson, W. S., D. M. Waller, and S. L. Solheim. 1988. Forests too deer: Effects in northern Wisconsin. Conservation Biology 2: 348–358.
Anthony, R. G. and N. S. Smith. 1974. Comparison of rumen and fecal analysis to describe
deer diets. Journal of Wildlife Management 38: 535–540.
Barbour, M. S. and J. A. Litvaitis. 1993. Niche dimensions of New England cottontails in
relation to habitat patch size. Oecologia 95: 321–327.
Basile, J. V. and S. S. Hutchings. 1966. Twig diameter–length–weight relationships of bitterbrush. Journal of Range Management 19: 34–38.
Bazley, D. R. and R. L. Jefferies. 1986. Changes in composition and standing crop of
salt marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer. Journal of Ecology 74: 693–
706.
Begon, M., J. L. Harper, and C. R. Townsend. 1996. Ecology. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
Beier, P. and J. E. Drennan. 1997. Forest structure and prey abundance in foraging areas of
northern goshawks. Ecological Applications 7: 564–571.
Bielefeldt, J., R. N. Rosenfield, and J. M. Papp. 1992. Unfounded assumptions about the
diet of the Cooper’s hawk. Condor 94: 427–436.
Bobek, B., S. Borowski, and R. Dzieciolowski. 1975. Browse supply in various forest
ecosystems. Polish Ecological Studies 1: 17–32.
Boutin, S. 1990. Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: patterns,
problems, and the future. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 203–220.
Brander, T. A., R. O. Peterson, and K. L. Risenhoover. 1990. Balsam fir on Isle Royale:
Effects of moose herbivory and population density. Ecology 71: 155–164.
Brown, A. L. and J. A. Litvaitis. 1995. Habitat features associated with predation of New
England cottontails: What scale is appropriate? Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1005–
1011.
Brown, J. H. and E. J. Heske. 1990. Control of a desert–grassland transition by a keystone
rodent guild. Science 250: 1705–1707.
Bryant, J. P. 1981. Phytochemical deterrence of snowshoe hare browsing by adventitious
shoots of four Alaskan trees. Science 213: 889–890.
Bryant, J. P., R. K. Swihart, P. B. Reichardt, and L. Newton. 1994. Biogeography of woody
plant chemical defense against snowshoe hare browsing: Comparison of Alaska and
eastern North America. Oikos 70: 385–395.
Charnov, E. 1976. Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population
Biology 9: 129–136.
Chisholm, B. S. and H. P. Schwarcz. 1982. Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of
marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets. Science 216: 1131–1132.
Ciucci, P., L. Boitani, E. Raganella Pelliccioni, M. Rocco, and I. Guy. 1996. A comparison
of scat-analysis methods to assess the diet of the wolf Canis lupus. Wildlife Biology 2:
37–48.
Cook, C. W. and J. Stubbendieck. 1986. Methods of measuring herbage and browse utilization. In C. W. Cook and J. Stubbendieck, eds., Range research: Basic problems and
techniques, 120–121. Denver, Colo.: Society of Range Management.
J O H N A . L I T VA I T I S
Alverson, W. S., D. M. Waller, and S. L. Solheim. 1988. Forests too deer: Effects in northern Wisconsin. Conservation Biology 2: 348–358.
Anthony, R. G. and N. S. Smith. 1974. Comparison of rumen and fecal analysis to describe
deer diets. Journal of Wildlife Management 38: 535–540.
Barbour, M. S. and J. A. Litvaitis. 1993. Niche dimensions of New England cottontails in
relation to habitat patch size. Oecologia 95: 321–327.
Basile, J. V. and S. S. Hutchings. 1966. Twig diameter–length–weight relationships of bitterbrush. Journal of Range Management 19: 34–38.
Bazley, D. R. and R. L. Jefferies. 1986. Changes in composition and standing crop of
salt marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer. Journal of Ecology 74: 693–
706.
Begon, M., J. L. Harper, and C. R. Townsend. 1996. Ecology. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
Beier, P. and J. E. Drennan. 1997. Forest structure and prey abundance in foraging areas of
northern goshawks. Ecological Applications 7: 564–571.
Bielefeldt, J., R. N. Rosenfield, and J. M. Papp. 1992. Unfounded assumptions about the
diet of the Cooper’s hawk. Condor 94: 427–436.
Bobek, B., S. Borowski, and R. Dzieciolowski. 1975. Browse supply in various forest
ecosystems. Polish Ecological Studies 1: 17–32.
Boutin, S. 1990. Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: patterns,
problems, and the future. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 203–220.
Brander, T. A., R. O. Peterson, and K. L. Risenhoover. 1990. Balsam fir on Isle Royale:
Effects of moose herbivory and population density. Ecology 71: 155–164.
Brown, A. L. and J. A. Litvaitis. 1995. Habitat features associated with predation of New
England cottontails: What scale is appropriate? Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1005–
1011.
Brown, J. H. and E. J. Heske. 1990. Control of a desert–grassland transition by a keystone
rodent guild. Science 250: 1705–1707.
Bryant, J. P. 1981. Phytochemical deterrence of snowshoe hare browsing by adventitious
shoots of four Alaskan trees. Science 213: 889–890.
Bryant, J. P., R. K. Swihart, P. B. Reichardt, and L. Newton. 1994. Biogeography of woody
plant chemical defense against snowshoe hare browsing: Comparison of Alaska and
eastern North America. Oikos 70: 385–395.
Charnov, E. 1976. Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population
Biology 9: 129–136.
Chisholm, B. S. and H. P. Schwarcz. 1982. Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of
marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets. Science 216: 1131–1132.
Ciucci, P., L. Boitani, E. Raganella Pelliccioni, M. Rocco, and I. Guy. 1996. A comparison
of scat-analysis methods to assess the diet of the wolf Canis lupus. Wildlife Biology 2:
37–48.
Cook, C. W. and J. Stubbendieck. 1986. Methods of measuring herbage and browse utilization. In C. W. Cook and J. Stubbendieck, eds., Range research: Basic problems and
techniques, 120–121. Denver, Colo.: Society of Range Management.