xii
C O N T E N T S
Action, Interaction, and Relationships
337
Social Networks
338
Social Structure, from Surface to Deep
339
Behavioral Parameters
340
The Bout
340
Stationarity
343
The Ethogram
343
Beware Teleology
345
Classifications of Behavioral Interactions
347
Methods for Behavioral Measurement
362
Identifying the Individual
362
Sampling and Recording Rules
364
Ad Libitum Sampling
365
Focal Sampling
365
Time Sampling
366
Techniques for Behavioral Measurement
368
Analysis of Observational Data
369
Statistical Rationality
370
Matrix Facilities: Analyzing Sequential Data
371
Lag Sequential and Nested Analysis
374
Searching for a Behavioral Pattern (Markov Chain)
375
Predictability of Behavior
376
Sequences Through the Mist
378
Acknowledgments
380
Literature Cited
380
Chapter 11: Modeling Species Distribution with GIS
Fabio Corsi, Jan de Leeuw, and Andrew K. Skidmore
389
Terminology
391
Habitat Definitions and Use
392
General Structure of GIS-Based Models
396
Literature Review
401
Modeling Issues
403
Clear Objectives
403
Assumptions
405
Spatial and Temporal Scale
408
Data Availability
412
Validation and Accuracy Assessment
413