management. As different plant and animal species living within the same habitat
type have different requirements, the management of habitats should vary
according to the specific conservation aim. This is why at the beginning of the
process of adaptive management preparation, a priority order of conservation aims
should be determined (e.g. which species, species groups, habitats, or habitat
patches should be preserved first and foremost). These could be nesting or feeding
birds, butterflies and their feeding plants, orchids, other plant species, or landscape
view (see also http1 and http2). In the case of other taxa (mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates not mentioned), management that creates
optimal conditions for the appropriate habitat type itself is usually sufficient.
Besides basing on scientific research, the process of setting conservation aims
requires more insight from stakeholders. Therefore, they should be involved to
integrate their interests and needs into the management plans and it has already
been recognised in biodiversity conservation that most of them really wish to take
part (Idle and Bines 2005).
The landscape scale for planning a unit of management (habitat patches or their
mosaics or whole habitat types or protected area level, administrative unit etc.)
should also be determined in prior to management planning.
The setup of conservation aims should be based both on scientific research on the
area in question and the insight from stakeholders about the possibility of practical
implementation. Literature sources draw attention to the fact that, despite of the
general assumption that farmer decisions are mostly driven by economic rationality
costs are not the most important factor (Sattler and Nagel 2010).
13.4 Suggested Management Measures for Natura 2000
Habitat Types Occurring in the Sample Areas
13.4.1 Pannonic Salt Steppes and Salt Marshes
(HD Code 1530)
A special problem emerges when planning adaptive management of this Natura
2000 habitat, as it unites every sodic habitat from the driest steppes to the wettest
marshes. Thus, we discuss this habitat referring to the Hungarian habitat classification system (A ´ NE ´ R), which divides this HD code towards six habitat types
(Artemisia salt steppes and Achillea steppes on meadow solonetz, Salt meadows,
Tall herb salt meadow steppes, Dense and tall Puccinellia swards, Annual salt
pioneer swards of steppes and lakes, and Salt marshes). A special feature of these
habitats is that they change, even just within a few centimetres of elevation, due to
different water conditions (Fig. 13.2).
Maintenance of the Artemisia salt steppes and Achillea steppes on meadow
solonetz only allow open sheep grazing with medium intensity, and taking care to
regulate the distance from each other and intensive mobility of animal. In addition,
13 Suggested Management Measures for Natura 2000 Habitats. . .
201
type have different requirements, the management of habitats should vary
according to the specific conservation aim. This is why at the beginning of the
process of adaptive management preparation, a priority order of conservation aims
should be determined (e.g. which species, species groups, habitats, or habitat
patches should be preserved first and foremost). These could be nesting or feeding
birds, butterflies and their feeding plants, orchids, other plant species, or landscape
view (see also http1 and http2). In the case of other taxa (mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates not mentioned), management that creates
optimal conditions for the appropriate habitat type itself is usually sufficient.
Besides basing on scientific research, the process of setting conservation aims
requires more insight from stakeholders. Therefore, they should be involved to
integrate their interests and needs into the management plans and it has already
been recognised in biodiversity conservation that most of them really wish to take
part (Idle and Bines 2005).
The landscape scale for planning a unit of management (habitat patches or their
mosaics or whole habitat types or protected area level, administrative unit etc.)
should also be determined in prior to management planning.
The setup of conservation aims should be based both on scientific research on the
area in question and the insight from stakeholders about the possibility of practical
implementation. Literature sources draw attention to the fact that, despite of the
general assumption that farmer decisions are mostly driven by economic rationality
costs are not the most important factor (Sattler and Nagel 2010).
13.4 Suggested Management Measures for Natura 2000
Habitat Types Occurring in the Sample Areas
13.4.1 Pannonic Salt Steppes and Salt Marshes
(HD Code 1530)
A special problem emerges when planning adaptive management of this Natura
2000 habitat, as it unites every sodic habitat from the driest steppes to the wettest
marshes. Thus, we discuss this habitat referring to the Hungarian habitat classification system (A ´ NE ´ R), which divides this HD code towards six habitat types
(Artemisia salt steppes and Achillea steppes on meadow solonetz, Salt meadows,
Tall herb salt meadow steppes, Dense and tall Puccinellia swards, Annual salt
pioneer swards of steppes and lakes, and Salt marshes). A special feature of these
habitats is that they change, even just within a few centimetres of elevation, due to
different water conditions (Fig. 13.2).
Maintenance of the Artemisia salt steppes and Achillea steppes on meadow
solonetz only allow open sheep grazing with medium intensity, and taking care to
regulate the distance from each other and intensive mobility of animal. In addition,
13 Suggested Management Measures for Natura 2000 Habitats. . .
201