33. Habibigoudarzi, S., McLuckey, S.A.: Ion-trap collisional activation of the deprotonated
deoxymononucleoside and deoxydinucleoside monophosphates. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
6, 102–113 (1995)
34. Cerny, R.L., Gross, M.L., Grotjahn, L.: Fast-atom-bombardment combined with tandem massspectrometry for the study of dinucleotides. Anal. Biochem. 156, 424–435 (1986)
35. Guan, Z.Q., Kelleher, N.L., Oconnor, P.B., Aaserud, D.J., Little, D.P., McLafferty, F.W.:
193 nm photodissociation of larger multiply-charged biomolecules. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion
Proc. 158, 357–364 (1996)
36. Phillips, D.R., McCloskey, J.A.: A comprehensive study of the low-energy collision-induced
dissociation of dinucleoside monophosphates. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 128, 61–82
(1993)
37. McLuckey, S.A., Goeringer, D.E.: Slow heating methods in tandem mass spectrometry.
J. Mass Spectrom. 32, 461–474 (1997)
38. Klassen, J.S., Schnier, P.D., Williams, E.R.: Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation of
oligonucleotide anions. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9, 1117–1124 (1998)
39. Wan, K.X., Gross, M.L.: Fragmentation mechanisms of oligodeoxynucleotides: effects of
replacing phosphates with methylphosphonates and thymines with other bases in T-rich
sequences. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 12, 580–589 (2001)
40. Yang, J., Hakansson, K.: Characterization of oligodeoxynucleotide fragmentation pathways in
infrared multiphoton dissociation and electron detachment dissociation by Fourier transform
ion cyclotron double resonance. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 15, 293–304 (2009)
41. Marian, C.M.: A new pathway for the rapid decay of electronically excited adenine. J. Chem.
Phys. 122, 104314 (2005)
42. Ho, Y.H., Kebarle, P.: Studies of the dissociation mechanisms of deprotonated
mononucleotides by energy resolved collision-induced dissociation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
Ion Proc. 165, 433–455 (1997)
43. Wu, J., McLuckey, S.A.: Gas-phase fragmentation of oligonucleotide ions. Int. J. Mass
Spectrom. 237, 197–241 (2004)
44. Rodgers, M.T., Campbell, S., Marzluff, E.M., Beauchamp, J.L.: Low-energy collision-induced
dissociation of deprotonated dinucleotides - determination of the energetically favored dissociation pathways and the relative acidities of the nucleic-acid bases. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion
Proc. 137, 121–149 (1994)
45. Huang, Y.Q., Kentta ¨maa, H.: Theoretical estimations of the 298 K gas-phase acidities of the
pyrimidine-based nucleobases uracil, thymine, and cytosine. J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 4893–4897
(2003)
46. Huang, Y.Q., Kentta ¨maa, H.: Theoretical estimations of the 298 K gas-phase acidities of the
purine-based nucleobases adenine and guanine. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 4485–4490 (2004)
47. Lammich, L., Andersen, L.H., Aravind, G., Pedersen, H.B.: Experimental characterization of
the metastable D 2
- ion by photofragment imaging. Phys. Rev. A 80, 023413 (2009)
48. Lepe `re, V., Lucas, B., Barat, M., Fayeton, J.A., Picard, V.J., Jouvet, C., Carcabal, P., Nielsen,
I., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Gregoire, G., Fujii, A.: Comprehensive characterization of the
photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan. J. Chem. Phys. 127, 134313 (2007)
49. Møller, S.P.: ELISA, an electrostatic storage ring for atomic physics. Nucl. Instrum. Methods
394, 281–286 (1997)
50. Dahan, M., Fishman, R., Heber, O., Rappaport, M., Altstein, N., Zajfman, D., van der Zande,
W.J.: New type of electrostatic ion trap for storage of fast ion beams. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69,
76–83 (1998)
51. Nolting, D., Weinkauf, R., Hertel, I.V., Schultz, T.: Excited-state relaxation of protonated
adenine. ChemPhysChem 8, 751–755 (2007)
52. Lu ¨hrs, D.C., Viallon, J., Fischer, I.: Excited state spectroscopy and dynamics of isolated
adenine and 9-methyladenine. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 1827–1831 (2001)
53. Kang, H., Lee, K.T., Jung, B., Ko, Y.J., Kim, S.K.: Intrinsic lifetimes of the excited state of
DNA and RNA bases. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 12958–12959 (2002)
10 UV Photophysics of DNA and RNA Nucleotides In Vacuo: Dissociation. . .
205
deoxymononucleoside and deoxydinucleoside monophosphates. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
6, 102–113 (1995)
34. Cerny, R.L., Gross, M.L., Grotjahn, L.: Fast-atom-bombardment combined with tandem massspectrometry for the study of dinucleotides. Anal. Biochem. 156, 424–435 (1986)
35. Guan, Z.Q., Kelleher, N.L., Oconnor, P.B., Aaserud, D.J., Little, D.P., McLafferty, F.W.:
193 nm photodissociation of larger multiply-charged biomolecules. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion
Proc. 158, 357–364 (1996)
36. Phillips, D.R., McCloskey, J.A.: A comprehensive study of the low-energy collision-induced
dissociation of dinucleoside monophosphates. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 128, 61–82
(1993)
37. McLuckey, S.A., Goeringer, D.E.: Slow heating methods in tandem mass spectrometry.
J. Mass Spectrom. 32, 461–474 (1997)
38. Klassen, J.S., Schnier, P.D., Williams, E.R.: Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation of
oligonucleotide anions. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9, 1117–1124 (1998)
39. Wan, K.X., Gross, M.L.: Fragmentation mechanisms of oligodeoxynucleotides: effects of
replacing phosphates with methylphosphonates and thymines with other bases in T-rich
sequences. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 12, 580–589 (2001)
40. Yang, J., Hakansson, K.: Characterization of oligodeoxynucleotide fragmentation pathways in
infrared multiphoton dissociation and electron detachment dissociation by Fourier transform
ion cyclotron double resonance. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 15, 293–304 (2009)
41. Marian, C.M.: A new pathway for the rapid decay of electronically excited adenine. J. Chem.
Phys. 122, 104314 (2005)
42. Ho, Y.H., Kebarle, P.: Studies of the dissociation mechanisms of deprotonated
mononucleotides by energy resolved collision-induced dissociation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
Ion Proc. 165, 433–455 (1997)
43. Wu, J., McLuckey, S.A.: Gas-phase fragmentation of oligonucleotide ions. Int. J. Mass
Spectrom. 237, 197–241 (2004)
44. Rodgers, M.T., Campbell, S., Marzluff, E.M., Beauchamp, J.L.: Low-energy collision-induced
dissociation of deprotonated dinucleotides - determination of the energetically favored dissociation pathways and the relative acidities of the nucleic-acid bases. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion
Proc. 137, 121–149 (1994)
45. Huang, Y.Q., Kentta ¨maa, H.: Theoretical estimations of the 298 K gas-phase acidities of the
pyrimidine-based nucleobases uracil, thymine, and cytosine. J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 4893–4897
(2003)
46. Huang, Y.Q., Kentta ¨maa, H.: Theoretical estimations of the 298 K gas-phase acidities of the
purine-based nucleobases adenine and guanine. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 4485–4490 (2004)
47. Lammich, L., Andersen, L.H., Aravind, G., Pedersen, H.B.: Experimental characterization of
the metastable D 2
- ion by photofragment imaging. Phys. Rev. A 80, 023413 (2009)
48. Lepe `re, V., Lucas, B., Barat, M., Fayeton, J.A., Picard, V.J., Jouvet, C., Carcabal, P., Nielsen,
I., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Gregoire, G., Fujii, A.: Comprehensive characterization of the
photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan. J. Chem. Phys. 127, 134313 (2007)
49. Møller, S.P.: ELISA, an electrostatic storage ring for atomic physics. Nucl. Instrum. Methods
394, 281–286 (1997)
50. Dahan, M., Fishman, R., Heber, O., Rappaport, M., Altstein, N., Zajfman, D., van der Zande,
W.J.: New type of electrostatic ion trap for storage of fast ion beams. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69,
76–83 (1998)
51. Nolting, D., Weinkauf, R., Hertel, I.V., Schultz, T.: Excited-state relaxation of protonated
adenine. ChemPhysChem 8, 751–755 (2007)
52. Lu ¨hrs, D.C., Viallon, J., Fischer, I.: Excited state spectroscopy and dynamics of isolated
adenine and 9-methyladenine. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 1827–1831 (2001)
53. Kang, H., Lee, K.T., Jung, B., Ko, Y.J., Kim, S.K.: Intrinsic lifetimes of the excited state of
DNA and RNA bases. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 12958–12959 (2002)
10 UV Photophysics of DNA and RNA Nucleotides In Vacuo: Dissociation. . .
205