14. Snoek, L.C., Kroemer, R.T., Hockridge, M.R., Simons, J.P.: Conformational landscapes of
aromatic amino acids in the gas phase: infrared and ultraviolet ion dip spectroscopy of
tryptophan. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 1819–1826 (2001)
15. Shimozono, Y., Yamada, K., Ishiuchi, S.-I., Tsukiyama, K., Fujii, M.: Revised conformational
assignments and conformational evolution of tyrosine by laser desorption supersonic jet laser
spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 5163–5175 (2013)
16. Malis ˇ, M., Loquais, Y., Gloaguen, E., Biswal, H.S., Piuzzi, F., Tardivel, B., Brenner, V.,
Broquier, M., Jouvet, C., Mons, M., Dos ˇlic ´, N., Ljubic ´, I.: Unraveling the mechanisms of
nonradiative deactivation in model peptides following photoexcitation of a phenylalanine
residue. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 20340–20351 (2012)
17. Sobolewski, A.L., Domcke, W., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Jouvet, C.: Excited-state hydrogen
detachment and hydrogen transfer driven by repulsive πσ* states: a new paradigm for
nonradiative decay in aromatic biomolecules. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 1093–1100 (2002)
18. Stearns, J.A., Mercier, S., Seaiby, C., Guidi, M., Boyarkin, O.V., Rizzo, T.R.: Conformationspecific spectroscopy and photodissociation of cold, protonated tyrosine and phenylalanine.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 11814–11820 (2007)
19. Nolting, D., Marian, C., Weinkauf, R.: Protonation effect on the electronic spectrum of
tryptophan in the gas phase. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 2633–2640 (2004)
20. Talbot, F.O., Tabarin, T., Antoine, R., Broyer, M., Dugourd, P.: Photodissociation spectroscopy of trapped protonated tryptophan. J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074310 (2005)
21. Serrano-andres, L., Roos, B.O.: Theoretical study of the absorption and emission spectra of
indole in the gas phase and in a solvent. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 25, 185–195 (1996)
22. Gindensperger, E., Haegy, A., Daniel, C., Marquardt, R.: Ab initio study of the electronic
singlet excited-state properties of tryptophan in the gas phase: the role of alanyl side-chain
conformations. Chem. Phys. 374, 104–110 (2010)
23. Blancafort, L., Gonza ´lez, D., Olivucci, M., Robb, M.A.: Quenching of tryptophan 1 (π, π*)
fluorescence induced by intramolecular hydrogen abstraction via an aborted decarboxylation
mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 6398–6406 (2002)
24. Gre ´goire, G., Jouvet, C., Dedonder, C., Sobolewski, A.L.: Ab initio study of the excited-state
deactivation pathways of protonated tryptophan and tyrosine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129,
6223–6231 (2007)
25. Gre ´goire, G., Jouvet, C., Dedonder, C., Sobolewski, A.L.: On the role of dissociative (π, σ)*
states in the photochemistry of protonated tryptamine and tryptophan: an ab initio study.
Chem. Phys. 324, 398–404 (2006)
26. Hattig, C.: Geometry optimizations with the coupled-cluster model CC2 using the resolution
identity approximation. J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7751–7761 (2003)
27. TURBOMOLE V6.2 2011, a development of U. of K. and; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
GmbH, 1989–2007; TURBOMOLE GmbH, since 2007. http://www.turbomole.com
28. Kang, H., Jouvet, C., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Martrenchard, S., Gregoire, G., Desfrancois, C.,
Schermann, J.P., Barat, M., Fayeton, J.A.: Ultrafast deactivation mechanisms of protonated
aromatic amino acids following UV excitation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 394–398 (2005)
29. Jochims, H.W., Baumga ¨rtel, H., Leach, S.: Photoionization quantum yields of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. Astron. Astrophys. 314, 1003–1009 (1996)
30. Andersen, J.U., Cederquist, H., Forster, J.S., Huber, B.A., Hvelplund, P., Jensen, J., Liu, B.,
Manil, B., Maunoury, L., Nielsen, S.B., Pedersen, U.V., Rangama, J., Schmidt, H.T., Tomita,
S., Zettergren, H.: Photodissociation of protonated amino acids and peptides in an ion storage
ring. Determination of Arrhenius parameters in the high-temperature limit. Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys. 6, 2676–2681 (2004)
31. Lepere, V., Lucas, B., Barat, M., Fayeton, J.A., Picard, Y.J., Jouvet, C., C ¸ arc ¸abal, P., Nielsen,
I.B., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Gre ´goire, G., Fujii, M.: Characterization of neutral fragments
issued from the photodissociation of protonated tryptophane. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9,
5330–5334 (2007)
178
C. Dedonder et al.
aromatic amino acids in the gas phase: infrared and ultraviolet ion dip spectroscopy of
tryptophan. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 1819–1826 (2001)
15. Shimozono, Y., Yamada, K., Ishiuchi, S.-I., Tsukiyama, K., Fujii, M.: Revised conformational
assignments and conformational evolution of tyrosine by laser desorption supersonic jet laser
spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 5163–5175 (2013)
16. Malis ˇ, M., Loquais, Y., Gloaguen, E., Biswal, H.S., Piuzzi, F., Tardivel, B., Brenner, V.,
Broquier, M., Jouvet, C., Mons, M., Dos ˇlic ´, N., Ljubic ´, I.: Unraveling the mechanisms of
nonradiative deactivation in model peptides following photoexcitation of a phenylalanine
residue. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 20340–20351 (2012)
17. Sobolewski, A.L., Domcke, W., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Jouvet, C.: Excited-state hydrogen
detachment and hydrogen transfer driven by repulsive πσ* states: a new paradigm for
nonradiative decay in aromatic biomolecules. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 1093–1100 (2002)
18. Stearns, J.A., Mercier, S., Seaiby, C., Guidi, M., Boyarkin, O.V., Rizzo, T.R.: Conformationspecific spectroscopy and photodissociation of cold, protonated tyrosine and phenylalanine.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 11814–11820 (2007)
19. Nolting, D., Marian, C., Weinkauf, R.: Protonation effect on the electronic spectrum of
tryptophan in the gas phase. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 2633–2640 (2004)
20. Talbot, F.O., Tabarin, T., Antoine, R., Broyer, M., Dugourd, P.: Photodissociation spectroscopy of trapped protonated tryptophan. J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074310 (2005)
21. Serrano-andres, L., Roos, B.O.: Theoretical study of the absorption and emission spectra of
indole in the gas phase and in a solvent. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 25, 185–195 (1996)
22. Gindensperger, E., Haegy, A., Daniel, C., Marquardt, R.: Ab initio study of the electronic
singlet excited-state properties of tryptophan in the gas phase: the role of alanyl side-chain
conformations. Chem. Phys. 374, 104–110 (2010)
23. Blancafort, L., Gonza ´lez, D., Olivucci, M., Robb, M.A.: Quenching of tryptophan 1 (π, π*)
fluorescence induced by intramolecular hydrogen abstraction via an aborted decarboxylation
mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 6398–6406 (2002)
24. Gre ´goire, G., Jouvet, C., Dedonder, C., Sobolewski, A.L.: Ab initio study of the excited-state
deactivation pathways of protonated tryptophan and tyrosine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129,
6223–6231 (2007)
25. Gre ´goire, G., Jouvet, C., Dedonder, C., Sobolewski, A.L.: On the role of dissociative (π, σ)*
states in the photochemistry of protonated tryptamine and tryptophan: an ab initio study.
Chem. Phys. 324, 398–404 (2006)
26. Hattig, C.: Geometry optimizations with the coupled-cluster model CC2 using the resolution
identity approximation. J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7751–7761 (2003)
27. TURBOMOLE V6.2 2011, a development of U. of K. and; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
GmbH, 1989–2007; TURBOMOLE GmbH, since 2007. http://www.turbomole.com
28. Kang, H., Jouvet, C., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Martrenchard, S., Gregoire, G., Desfrancois, C.,
Schermann, J.P., Barat, M., Fayeton, J.A.: Ultrafast deactivation mechanisms of protonated
aromatic amino acids following UV excitation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 394–398 (2005)
29. Jochims, H.W., Baumga ¨rtel, H., Leach, S.: Photoionization quantum yields of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. Astron. Astrophys. 314, 1003–1009 (1996)
30. Andersen, J.U., Cederquist, H., Forster, J.S., Huber, B.A., Hvelplund, P., Jensen, J., Liu, B.,
Manil, B., Maunoury, L., Nielsen, S.B., Pedersen, U.V., Rangama, J., Schmidt, H.T., Tomita,
S., Zettergren, H.: Photodissociation of protonated amino acids and peptides in an ion storage
ring. Determination of Arrhenius parameters in the high-temperature limit. Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys. 6, 2676–2681 (2004)
31. Lepere, V., Lucas, B., Barat, M., Fayeton, J.A., Picard, Y.J., Jouvet, C., C ¸ arc ¸abal, P., Nielsen,
I.B., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Gre ´goire, G., Fujii, M.: Characterization of neutral fragments
issued from the photodissociation of protonated tryptophane. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9,
5330–5334 (2007)
178
C. Dedonder et al.