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I. Goykhman et al.
incoherent light emitting devices. This may be turn true if extraction efficiencies in
the range of few percents will be achieved, together with modulation rates in the
gigahertz regime.
Finally, from nowadays perspective, silicon plasmonics is probably the only technologically compatible platform which can provide the need integrate between optics
and electronics at the level of a chip scale. Will it actually be the case or would it
remains another unrealized promise? It is probably too soon to tell. One thing is for
sure—it is surely worth trying.
References
1. ITRS 2009
2. D.A.B. Miller, Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips. Proc. IEEE 97,
1166–1185 (2009)
3. J. Cardenas, C.B. Poitras, J.T. Robinson, K. Preston, L. Chen, M. Lipson, Low loss etchless
silicon photonic waveguides. Opt. Express 17(6), 4752–4757 (2009)
4. B. Desiatov, I. Goykhman, U. Levy, Demonstration of submicron square-like silicon waveguide
using optimized LOCOS process. Opt. Express 18(18), 18592–18597 (2010)
5. S.A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2007)
6. P. Ginzburg, D. Arbel, M. Orenstein, Gap plasmon polariton structure for very efficient
microscale-to-nanoscale interfacing. Opt. Lett. 31(22), 3288–3290 (2006)
7. B. Desiatov, I. Goykhman, U. Levy, Plasmonic nanofocusing of light in an integrated silicon
photonics platform. Opt. Express 19(14), 13150–13157 (2011)
8. R.F. Oulton, V.J. Sorger, D.A. Genov, D.F.P. Pile, X. Zhang, A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for
subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation. Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 (2008)
9. R.F. Oulton, V.J. Sorger, T. Zentgraf, R.-M. Ma, C. Gladden, L. Dai, G. Bartal, X. Zhang,
Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale. Nature 461, 629–632 (2009)
10. D. Dai, S. He, A silicon-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a metal cap for a nano-scale
light confinement. Opt. Express 17(19), 16646–16653 (2009)
11. M. Wu, Z. Han, V. Van, Conductor-gap-silicon plasmonic waveguides and passive components
at subwavelength scale. Opt. Express 18(11),11728–11736 (2010)
12. S. Zhu, T.Y. Liow, G.Q. Lo, D.L. Kwong, Silicon-based horizontal nanoplasmonic slot
waveguides for on-chip integration. Opt. Express 19(9), 8888–8902 (2011)
13. D. Dai, Y. Shi, S. He, L. Wosinski, L. Thylen, Gain enhancement in a hybrid plasmonic nanowaveguide with a low-index or high-index gain medium. Opt. Express 19(14), 925–12936
(2011)
14. I. Goykhman, B. Desiatov, U. Levy, Experimental demonstration of locally oxidized hybrid
silicon-plasmonic waveguide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(14), 141106+ (2010)
15. H.S. Chu, E.P. Li, P. Bai, R. Hegde, Optical performance of single-mode hybrid dielectricloaded plasmonic waveguide-based components. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(22), 221103+ (2010)
16. H.-S. Chu, Y.A. Akimov, P. Bai, E.-P. Li, Hybrid dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide and
wavelength selective components for efficiently controlling light at subwavelength scale. J.
Opt. Soc. Am. B 28(12), 2895–2901 (2011)
17. Y. Song, J. Wang, Q. Li, M. Yan, M. Qiu, Broadband coupler between silicon waveguide and
hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Opt. Express 18(12), 13173–13179 (2010)
18. J. Wang, X. Guan, Y. He, Y. Shi, Z. Wang, S. He, P. Holmströ m, L. Wosinski, L. Thylen,
D. Dai, Sub-μm 2 power splitters by using silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides. Opt. Express
19(2), 838–847 (2011)
19. M.Z. Alam, J.S. Aitchison, M. Mojahedi, Compact and silicon-on-insulator-compatible hybrid
plasmonic TE-pass polarizer. Opt. Lett. 37(1), 55–57 (2012)
I. Goykhman et al.
incoherent light emitting devices. This may be turn true if extraction efficiencies in
the range of few percents will be achieved, together with modulation rates in the
gigahertz regime.
Finally, from nowadays perspective, silicon plasmonics is probably the only technologically compatible platform which can provide the need integrate between optics
and electronics at the level of a chip scale. Will it actually be the case or would it
remains another unrealized promise? It is probably too soon to tell. One thing is for
sure—it is surely worth trying.
References
1. ITRS 2009
2. D.A.B. Miller, Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips. Proc. IEEE 97,
1166–1185 (2009)
3. J. Cardenas, C.B. Poitras, J.T. Robinson, K. Preston, L. Chen, M. Lipson, Low loss etchless
silicon photonic waveguides. Opt. Express 17(6), 4752–4757 (2009)
4. B. Desiatov, I. Goykhman, U. Levy, Demonstration of submicron square-like silicon waveguide
using optimized LOCOS process. Opt. Express 18(18), 18592–18597 (2010)
5. S.A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2007)
6. P. Ginzburg, D. Arbel, M. Orenstein, Gap plasmon polariton structure for very efficient
microscale-to-nanoscale interfacing. Opt. Lett. 31(22), 3288–3290 (2006)
7. B. Desiatov, I. Goykhman, U. Levy, Plasmonic nanofocusing of light in an integrated silicon
photonics platform. Opt. Express 19(14), 13150–13157 (2011)
8. R.F. Oulton, V.J. Sorger, D.A. Genov, D.F.P. Pile, X. Zhang, A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for
subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation. Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 (2008)
9. R.F. Oulton, V.J. Sorger, T. Zentgraf, R.-M. Ma, C. Gladden, L. Dai, G. Bartal, X. Zhang,
Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale. Nature 461, 629–632 (2009)
10. D. Dai, S. He, A silicon-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a metal cap for a nano-scale
light confinement. Opt. Express 17(19), 16646–16653 (2009)
11. M. Wu, Z. Han, V. Van, Conductor-gap-silicon plasmonic waveguides and passive components
at subwavelength scale. Opt. Express 18(11),11728–11736 (2010)
12. S. Zhu, T.Y. Liow, G.Q. Lo, D.L. Kwong, Silicon-based horizontal nanoplasmonic slot
waveguides for on-chip integration. Opt. Express 19(9), 8888–8902 (2011)
13. D. Dai, Y. Shi, S. He, L. Wosinski, L. Thylen, Gain enhancement in a hybrid plasmonic nanowaveguide with a low-index or high-index gain medium. Opt. Express 19(14), 925–12936
(2011)
14. I. Goykhman, B. Desiatov, U. Levy, Experimental demonstration of locally oxidized hybrid
silicon-plasmonic waveguide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(14), 141106+ (2010)
15. H.S. Chu, E.P. Li, P. Bai, R. Hegde, Optical performance of single-mode hybrid dielectricloaded plasmonic waveguide-based components. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(22), 221103+ (2010)
16. H.-S. Chu, Y.A. Akimov, P. Bai, E.-P. Li, Hybrid dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide and
wavelength selective components for efficiently controlling light at subwavelength scale. J.
Opt. Soc. Am. B 28(12), 2895–2901 (2011)
17. Y. Song, J. Wang, Q. Li, M. Yan, M. Qiu, Broadband coupler between silicon waveguide and
hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Opt. Express 18(12), 13173–13179 (2010)
18. J. Wang, X. Guan, Y. He, Y. Shi, Z. Wang, S. He, P. Holmströ m, L. Wosinski, L. Thylen,
D. Dai, Sub-μm 2 power splitters by using silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides. Opt. Express
19(2), 838–847 (2011)
19. M.Z. Alam, J.S. Aitchison, M. Mojahedi, Compact and silicon-on-insulator-compatible hybrid
plasmonic TE-pass polarizer. Opt. Lett. 37(1), 55–57 (2012)