438
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
increased synchronization. The state of microhemodynamics of cutaneous integument was detected in symmetrical points of diseased and healthy limbs; these results
were compared with clinical trial data.
The mathematic processing of 200 specklograms was carried out in order to
develop diagnostic speckle-optical criteria of the muscle tone condition changes
and the disorder of dermal microdynamics. For the solution of these problems in
previous studies, the amplitude of the fluctuation spectra of the intensity of sparse
laser radiation and the coefficient defining the correlation of amplitudes of fluctuation
spectra and amplitudes of the intensity of the speckle-field on frequencies 30 and 10
Hz were estimated. But the informativity of these indices, however, did not provide
a clear view of the investigated phenomenon. Further search for informative criteria
led us to the attempt of assessment of the functional condition of muscles on the area
under the spectral curve and also on the coefficient A i (f ) (normalized amplitude), to
the equal ratio of the initial amplitude to the area under spectral curve taking into
account coefficients α 1 , α 2 , etc., and calculated by the formula
A i ( f ) = A i ( f ) +
k
α ik .ϕ k ( f ),
(5.30)
where A i ( f ) is the average normalized amplitude and αk is the coefficient of the
resolution of vector ϕ k ( f ).
The data of the registration of speckle-optical myograms of gastrocnemius muscle
of patients with NOLO showed that the amplitude of the fluctuation spectra of the
speckle-field at rest on the side of pain syndrome was lower than on the healthy limb
in the cases when the decrease of the tone of gastrocnemius muscle were clinically
registered. The amplitude increase of the spectra of the fluctuations on both limbs
was observed under the maximum clonus of gastrocnemius muscle, but less vivid on
the affected side (Fig. 5.47). These data most often had unidirectional character with
the results of electromyogram studies. However, in patients with long clinical course
and evidence of its clinical development by isometric contractions of gastrocnemius
muscle not the increase was registered, but the reduction of the amplitude of the fluctuation spectra in comparison with the condition at rest. The comparison of this data
with the results of electromyogram of gastrocnemius muscles of diseased and healthy
limbs was carried out. With the help of electromyogram powerful fasciculations were
registered from both sides. The appearance and disappearance of these fasciculations
during muscle tension was different at the injured side and at the health limb. The
registered fasciculations are the reflections of irritations of motoneurons of the anterior horns. It is known that the lesion of motoneurons leads to abnormal changes of
muscle fibers and causes the disorder of their contractive activity that can result in
the development of observable reactions as a result of a maximal effort in patients
of this group. In situations like this for the estimation of functional possibilities of
muscles, the results of speckle-optical myography appear to be more informative
than traditional electromyogram.
At the study of paravertebral muscles of patients with clinical manifestation of
moderate and evident muscle tone syndromes, where the direction of electromyogram
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
increased synchronization. The state of microhemodynamics of cutaneous integument was detected in symmetrical points of diseased and healthy limbs; these results
were compared with clinical trial data.
The mathematic processing of 200 specklograms was carried out in order to
develop diagnostic speckle-optical criteria of the muscle tone condition changes
and the disorder of dermal microdynamics. For the solution of these problems in
previous studies, the amplitude of the fluctuation spectra of the intensity of sparse
laser radiation and the coefficient defining the correlation of amplitudes of fluctuation
spectra and amplitudes of the intensity of the speckle-field on frequencies 30 and 10
Hz were estimated. But the informativity of these indices, however, did not provide
a clear view of the investigated phenomenon. Further search for informative criteria
led us to the attempt of assessment of the functional condition of muscles on the area
under the spectral curve and also on the coefficient A i (f ) (normalized amplitude), to
the equal ratio of the initial amplitude to the area under spectral curve taking into
account coefficients α 1 , α 2 , etc., and calculated by the formula
A i ( f ) = A i ( f ) +
k
α ik .ϕ k ( f ),
(5.30)
where A i ( f ) is the average normalized amplitude and αk is the coefficient of the
resolution of vector ϕ k ( f ).
The data of the registration of speckle-optical myograms of gastrocnemius muscle
of patients with NOLO showed that the amplitude of the fluctuation spectra of the
speckle-field at rest on the side of pain syndrome was lower than on the healthy limb
in the cases when the decrease of the tone of gastrocnemius muscle were clinically
registered. The amplitude increase of the spectra of the fluctuations on both limbs
was observed under the maximum clonus of gastrocnemius muscle, but less vivid on
the affected side (Fig. 5.47). These data most often had unidirectional character with
the results of electromyogram studies. However, in patients with long clinical course
and evidence of its clinical development by isometric contractions of gastrocnemius
muscle not the increase was registered, but the reduction of the amplitude of the fluctuation spectra in comparison with the condition at rest. The comparison of this data
with the results of electromyogram of gastrocnemius muscles of diseased and healthy
limbs was carried out. With the help of electromyogram powerful fasciculations were
registered from both sides. The appearance and disappearance of these fasciculations
during muscle tension was different at the injured side and at the health limb. The
registered fasciculations are the reflections of irritations of motoneurons of the anterior horns. It is known that the lesion of motoneurons leads to abnormal changes of
muscle fibers and causes the disorder of their contractive activity that can result in
the development of observable reactions as a result of a maximal effort in patients
of this group. In situations like this for the estimation of functional possibilities of
muscles, the results of speckle-optical myography appear to be more informative
than traditional electromyogram.
At the study of paravertebral muscles of patients with clinical manifestation of
moderate and evident muscle tone syndromes, where the direction of electromyogram