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3 Holographic Interferometry for Studying …
of preliminary data about the reflection of the laser beam from skin presupposes that
the oscillation speed of muscular and cutaneous coverings will be to a great extent
connected with hemodynamic and mechanical shifts. They are based on pumping
and mechanical heart activity and the state of the vascular or arterial system of blood
circulation.
There was conducted an experimental analysis of research methods of mechanic,
electrical, acoustic and pumping heart activity as well as research methods of the
vascular system, measurements of pressure and time of blood circulation in order
to select the methods of study of blood circulation needed for comparison with the
holography pattern of the chest. Methodical informative essence of the following
methods was analyzed: apex-, kineto-, ballisto-, dynamo- and phonocardiography,
phase analysis of cardiac cycle, method of cardiac contraction speed detection,
echocardiography, echoangiography, sphygmography, oscillography and oscillometry, impedance cardiography and impedance plethysmography. Methodical peculiarities of these methods were in detail investigated in collaboration with specialists
of the Institute of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus
who directly participated in this study.
The impedance cardiography method was selected from the most promising and
informative ways. It makes it possible to obtain information about pumping and
mechanic heart functions, arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance very
fast. This method allows singling out hemodynamic syndromes, which are detected
on the one hand based on high, normal and low heart release and on the other hand
based on the state of the vascular resistance. Namely, these parameters can determine
to a large extent the real-time hemodynamic shifts and that underlies the oscillations
of human muscular and cutaneous coverings.
Traditional medical equipment must be adapted to provide cardiovascular system
control and to synchronize the moment of hologram recording with the needed phases
of cardiac contractions during the study using the laser-holographic complex.
“Impecard,” a hardware and software complex [167–170], was selected and
mastered following the conducted analysis of technical–medical characteristics of
the produced equipment. The complex has a cardiologic output good for sync pulse
formation and gives possibility to conduct syndrome diagnostics of the state of blood
circulation without covering the areas of human chest, which are studied with the
laser-holographic complex. Functional interrelations of the hardware and software
complex “Impecard” with the main parts of the laser-holographic complex were
determined.
The suggested optical scheme of the complex gives possibility to record interferograms of the surface of human chest. As a result of muscle contractions shift of
points of human chest surface occurs. The contained in the inteferogram information
about distribution of these shifts along the surface of the human chest, about the
direction value and the speed of movements leads to the conclusion about the state
of the human blood circulation system.
This laser-holographic complex ensures changes in movement of point of human
chest surface within the time interval from 100 to 700 μs and the determination of
cardiac cycle phase to an accuracy of not more than 0.5 μm. The main point of
3 Holographic Interferometry for Studying …
of preliminary data about the reflection of the laser beam from skin presupposes that
the oscillation speed of muscular and cutaneous coverings will be to a great extent
connected with hemodynamic and mechanical shifts. They are based on pumping
and mechanical heart activity and the state of the vascular or arterial system of blood
circulation.
There was conducted an experimental analysis of research methods of mechanic,
electrical, acoustic and pumping heart activity as well as research methods of the
vascular system, measurements of pressure and time of blood circulation in order
to select the methods of study of blood circulation needed for comparison with the
holography pattern of the chest. Methodical informative essence of the following
methods was analyzed: apex-, kineto-, ballisto-, dynamo- and phonocardiography,
phase analysis of cardiac cycle, method of cardiac contraction speed detection,
echocardiography, echoangiography, sphygmography, oscillography and oscillometry, impedance cardiography and impedance plethysmography. Methodical peculiarities of these methods were in detail investigated in collaboration with specialists
of the Institute of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus
who directly participated in this study.
The impedance cardiography method was selected from the most promising and
informative ways. It makes it possible to obtain information about pumping and
mechanic heart functions, arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance very
fast. This method allows singling out hemodynamic syndromes, which are detected
on the one hand based on high, normal and low heart release and on the other hand
based on the state of the vascular resistance. Namely, these parameters can determine
to a large extent the real-time hemodynamic shifts and that underlies the oscillations
of human muscular and cutaneous coverings.
Traditional medical equipment must be adapted to provide cardiovascular system
control and to synchronize the moment of hologram recording with the needed phases
of cardiac contractions during the study using the laser-holographic complex.
“Impecard,” a hardware and software complex [167–170], was selected and
mastered following the conducted analysis of technical–medical characteristics of
the produced equipment. The complex has a cardiologic output good for sync pulse
formation and gives possibility to conduct syndrome diagnostics of the state of blood
circulation without covering the areas of human chest, which are studied with the
laser-holographic complex. Functional interrelations of the hardware and software
complex “Impecard” with the main parts of the laser-holographic complex were
determined.
The suggested optical scheme of the complex gives possibility to record interferograms of the surface of human chest. As a result of muscle contractions shift of
points of human chest surface occurs. The contained in the inteferogram information
about distribution of these shifts along the surface of the human chest, about the
direction value and the speed of movements leads to the conclusion about the state
of the human blood circulation system.
This laser-holographic complex ensures changes in movement of point of human
chest surface within the time interval from 100 to 700 μs and the determination of
cardiac cycle phase to an accuracy of not more than 0.5 μm. The main point of