2.2 Holographic Study of Structural and Functional Characteristics …
83
medullary sheath and fibers. Nerve cell complex structure should also be shown in
the variety of morphofunctional shifts during the excitation. Some characteristics of
the nerve tissue activity are detected using optical methods.
During the experiments on the cell size and its nucleus measurements at various
types of stimulation, true changes of the volume of the body and of the nucleus
in comparison with the control were detected statistically. So, [183, 184] show the
increase of neuron body sizes of mammal triangular kernel at horizontal rotation.
Electric stimulation (ortho- and antidromic) [185] also resulted in the increase of
spinal motoneuron body weight. Light flicker strengthened, strengthened motion
activity resulted in the increase of the body and nucleus of ganglionic cells of frog
and chicken retina [186, 187]. At the same time, there is information about the
decrease of function neuron sizes under the influence of excessive motion activity
[188], flickering light [187] and electrostimulation [189]. It should also be noted that
some authors [190, 191] did not get the true changes in the body and nucleus sizes
of active nerve cells.
Analyzing such diverse information, Yu. Geinisman [182] showed the difference
of the methods used by the authors for nerve cells stimulation as well as inadequate
conditions of preparation histological processing and object geometry measurements.
He noted that it was quite difficult to determine the volume using the histological
section. And this problem has not still solved.
Some authors [192, 193] consider that the changes in a nerve cell body and nucleus
volume are based on the shifts in the content of liquid intracellular components;
others consider that it happens because of the changes of dense matter amount,
essentially of proteins [188, 194]. But regardless what mechanism prevails in changes
of brain volume, the changes themselves can serve as a neurons functional state. Yu.
Geinisman [182] showed that the decrease of cell sizes accompanied by continuous
stimulation can serve as an indicator of action potential generation and inhibitory
postsynaptic potential generation.
In spite of its fragmentation, the above-mentioned information shows the reasonability of carrying out the studies on the measurements of cell geometry of functional
nerve tissue.
The study of RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the functioning brain can be made by
traditional biochemical method as well as cytospectrophotometry method. The latter
allows detecting the localization and qualitative content of RNA in separate cells.
But, during simultaneous experiments, considerable shifts of RNA concentration
could be detected using the method of cytophotometry, whereas they could not be
detected biochemically (in the result of averaging) [195].
Some authors [102, 189, 196] came to the conclusion that the increase of the nerve
system functional activity is accompanied with the growth of neuronal RNA content.
Simultaneously, with the increase of its quantity in activated neurons, it can also be
observed the decrease of RNA content in glia cells surrounded these neurons [190,
196]. Strong neuron functioning can cause the decrease of RNA in them, which is
considered as the result of nervous system fatigue and emaciation [192].
83
medullary sheath and fibers. Nerve cell complex structure should also be shown in
the variety of morphofunctional shifts during the excitation. Some characteristics of
the nerve tissue activity are detected using optical methods.
During the experiments on the cell size and its nucleus measurements at various
types of stimulation, true changes of the volume of the body and of the nucleus
in comparison with the control were detected statistically. So, [183, 184] show the
increase of neuron body sizes of mammal triangular kernel at horizontal rotation.
Electric stimulation (ortho- and antidromic) [185] also resulted in the increase of
spinal motoneuron body weight. Light flicker strengthened, strengthened motion
activity resulted in the increase of the body and nucleus of ganglionic cells of frog
and chicken retina [186, 187]. At the same time, there is information about the
decrease of function neuron sizes under the influence of excessive motion activity
[188], flickering light [187] and electrostimulation [189]. It should also be noted that
some authors [190, 191] did not get the true changes in the body and nucleus sizes
of active nerve cells.
Analyzing such diverse information, Yu. Geinisman [182] showed the difference
of the methods used by the authors for nerve cells stimulation as well as inadequate
conditions of preparation histological processing and object geometry measurements.
He noted that it was quite difficult to determine the volume using the histological
section. And this problem has not still solved.
Some authors [192, 193] consider that the changes in a nerve cell body and nucleus
volume are based on the shifts in the content of liquid intracellular components;
others consider that it happens because of the changes of dense matter amount,
essentially of proteins [188, 194]. But regardless what mechanism prevails in changes
of brain volume, the changes themselves can serve as a neurons functional state. Yu.
Geinisman [182] showed that the decrease of cell sizes accompanied by continuous
stimulation can serve as an indicator of action potential generation and inhibitory
postsynaptic potential generation.
In spite of its fragmentation, the above-mentioned information shows the reasonability of carrying out the studies on the measurements of cell geometry of functional
nerve tissue.
The study of RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the functioning brain can be made by
traditional biochemical method as well as cytospectrophotometry method. The latter
allows detecting the localization and qualitative content of RNA in separate cells.
But, during simultaneous experiments, considerable shifts of RNA concentration
could be detected using the method of cytophotometry, whereas they could not be
detected biochemically (in the result of averaging) [195].
Some authors [102, 189, 196] came to the conclusion that the increase of the nerve
system functional activity is accompanied with the growth of neuronal RNA content.
Simultaneously, with the increase of its quantity in activated neurons, it can also be
observed the decrease of RNA content in glia cells surrounded these neurons [190,
196]. Strong neuron functioning can cause the decrease of RNA in them, which is
considered as the result of nervous system fatigue and emaciation [192].