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4.2 Hoñwítčmo Uncertain Location
The identification of this planting marker is uncertain. It is only mentioned by
Stephen and Fewkes, who place it between Pavöntsomo and Neveqtsomo, but give no
further details. Stephen gives its etymology as: “Hoñ-wítč-mo; Hoñ’-wi, pl. of
Wü’-nü, erect;” Stephen’s glossary (Stephen, 1936: 1319) gives wü’nü as “vertical,
upright” and Benjamin Whorf’s annotation to the glossary gives wene’fte as “comes
to a standing position, arises.” The Hopi Dictionary gives hongva as the plural of
“stand up, get to a standing position,” while -tsmo is the singular combinative form
of tsomo, hill. Seen from Walpi, Pavöntsomo is separated from Neveqtsomo by 8.0°;
within that space there is a place 1.4° to the right of Neveqtsomo where the distant
edge of the mesa begins to rise above a closer ridge line; alternately there is a small
upright mound 1.3° to the left of Pavöntsomo. Since none of our recorded planting
dates or measured azimuths include this site, we lack evidence to resolve this
identification.
4.3 Neveqtsomo (Two Mounds Side by Side)
The location of this marker is taken as the center between two mounds, which lie
about 560 m apart on a north-south line and rise about 10 m above the general surface of the mesa. This marker is almost universally described by some form of this
name, although Fewkes contradicted Stephen’s translation by reading neveq, side
by side, as nuvaq, snow, and interpreting the Hopi term as “snow mound.” Stephen’s
horizon diagram labels this marker both Nevéûktcomo and Maho’ñsheñwilegĭ (Owl
Horns); Agayo’s horizon diagram calls it Owl Horn Lane. The USGS National Map
shows an Owl Hat Point within 1.5 km of the marker. It is variously described as
marking a time to plant sweet corn, squash, gourds, or melons. Besides being a
planting marker, Neveqtsomo also marks the Niman festival in August, when the
Sun rises there on his return to the south (Stephen, 1893b). The marker is close to
the azimuth inferred from Crow Wing’s planting dates.
4.4 Pülhomotaka (Multi Hunch-Backed Man)
Stephen describes this marker as “a series of curves thus ~~~~, a multi-hunchedback-man”. The marker is also named by Fewkes and Parsons but with no further
specification as to its appearance or location. Stephen and Fewkes associate it with
corn planting by the Patki (Water) clan. Agayo’s diagram indicates an unnamed
gentle undulation in this region which he associates with the main corn planting on
level fields. Parsons associates Pülhomotaka with the second planting of watermelon. Crow Wing mentions that there would be a second planting of watermelon
The Hopi Calendar and Some Archaeological Correlates of Horizon Markers
4.2 Hoñwítčmo Uncertain Location
The identification of this planting marker is uncertain. It is only mentioned by
Stephen and Fewkes, who place it between Pavöntsomo and Neveqtsomo, but give no
further details. Stephen gives its etymology as: “Hoñ-wítč-mo; Hoñ’-wi, pl. of
Wü’-nü, erect;” Stephen’s glossary (Stephen, 1936: 1319) gives wü’nü as “vertical,
upright” and Benjamin Whorf’s annotation to the glossary gives wene’fte as “comes
to a standing position, arises.” The Hopi Dictionary gives hongva as the plural of
“stand up, get to a standing position,” while -tsmo is the singular combinative form
of tsomo, hill. Seen from Walpi, Pavöntsomo is separated from Neveqtsomo by 8.0°;
within that space there is a place 1.4° to the right of Neveqtsomo where the distant
edge of the mesa begins to rise above a closer ridge line; alternately there is a small
upright mound 1.3° to the left of Pavöntsomo. Since none of our recorded planting
dates or measured azimuths include this site, we lack evidence to resolve this
identification.
4.3 Neveqtsomo (Two Mounds Side by Side)
The location of this marker is taken as the center between two mounds, which lie
about 560 m apart on a north-south line and rise about 10 m above the general surface of the mesa. This marker is almost universally described by some form of this
name, although Fewkes contradicted Stephen’s translation by reading neveq, side
by side, as nuvaq, snow, and interpreting the Hopi term as “snow mound.” Stephen’s
horizon diagram labels this marker both Nevéûktcomo and Maho’ñsheñwilegĭ (Owl
Horns); Agayo’s horizon diagram calls it Owl Horn Lane. The USGS National Map
shows an Owl Hat Point within 1.5 km of the marker. It is variously described as
marking a time to plant sweet corn, squash, gourds, or melons. Besides being a
planting marker, Neveqtsomo also marks the Niman festival in August, when the
Sun rises there on his return to the south (Stephen, 1893b). The marker is close to
the azimuth inferred from Crow Wing’s planting dates.
4.4 Pülhomotaka (Multi Hunch-Backed Man)
Stephen describes this marker as “a series of curves thus ~~~~, a multi-hunchedback-man”. The marker is also named by Fewkes and Parsons but with no further
specification as to its appearance or location. Stephen and Fewkes associate it with
corn planting by the Patki (Water) clan. Agayo’s diagram indicates an unnamed
gentle undulation in this region which he associates with the main corn planting on
level fields. Parsons associates Pülhomotaka with the second planting of watermelon. Crow Wing mentions that there would be a second planting of watermelon
The Hopi Calendar and Some Archaeological Correlates of Horizon Markers