127
τὰ προσάρκτια μέρη (ta prosarktia merē), ‘the parts towards the bears (from these)’, i.e.
to the north of these, Timosthenes fr. 5 (Strabo 2. 1. 41)
τὴν προσάρκτιον τῆς Εὐρώπης πᾶσαν (tēn prosarktian tēs Europēs pasan), ‘all the part
of Europe towards the bear(s)’, Polybios 34. 5. 9
East
ἀνατολή (anatolē), ‘a rising’
ἀπὸ (or ἀπ’) ἀνατολῆς (apo anatolēs), ‘from (the) rising’, Agatharchides 10 (Photios);
Ps.-Aristotle 4; Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
ἐν ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς (en tais anatolais), ‘in the risings’, Hekataios fr. 18b (scholiast on
Apollonios Rhodios, Argonautika 4. 284)
ἐντὸς ἀνατολῶν (entos anatolōn), ‘within (the) risings’, ‘Pseudo-Skymnos’ 270
πρὸς ἀνατολάς (pros anatolas), ‘towards (the) risings’, Theophrastos, History of Plants
9. 15. 2; πρὸς τὰς ἀνατολάς (pros tas anatolas), Polybios 2. 14. 4
with ἥλιος (hēlios), ‘sun’: ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολέων (apo hēliou anatoleōn), ‘from (the)
risings of (the) sun’, Ionic, Herodotos 4. 8; πρὸς ἡλίου ἀνατολάς (pros hēliou anatolas),
‘towards (the) risings of (the) sun’, Ps.-Skylax 47. 2
special forms: ἀπὸ ἰσημερινῆς ἀνατολῆς (apo isēmerinēs anatolēs), ‘from (the) equidiurnal (i.e. equinoctial) rising’, i.e. from due west, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6) bis;
ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὰς ἰσημερινὰς (sc. ἀνατολὰς τόπου) (apo tou peri tas isēmerinas, sc. anatolas topou), ‘from the (place) around the equidiurnal (i.e. equinoctial) (risings), i.e. around
due west, Ps.-Aristotle 4
adj. ἀνατολικός (anatolikos), ‘of (the) rising’, Hipparchos fr. 21 (Strabo 2. 1. 27)
τὸ ἀνατολικὸν (ἡμισφαίριον) (to anatolikon, sc. hēmisphairion), ‘the hemisphere of
(the) rising’, Strabo 2. 3. 2
comparative: ἀνατολικώτερος (anatolikōteros), ‘more in/towards (the) rising(s)’, i.e.
further east, Hipparchos fr. 21 (Strabo 2. 1. 27)
superlative: ἀνατολικώτατος (anatolikōtatos), ‘most in/towards (the) rising(s)’, i.e. furthest east, Markianos 6
ἥλιος ἀνατέλλων (hēlios anatellōn), ‘(the) rising sun’
τὰ πρὸς … ἥλιον ἀνατέλλοντα (ta pros … hēlion anatellonta), ‘the parts towards (the)
rising sun’, Herodotos 4. 40
ἥλιος ἀνίσχων (hēlios anischōn), ‘(the) sun emerging’
πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα (pros hēlion anischonta), ‘towards (the) emerging sun’, Hanno,
3; Hekataios fr. 204 (Stephanos of Byzantion s.v. Χοιράδες); Ps.-Skylax 47. 4; Herodotos
3. 98
ἥλιος ἀνιών (hēlios aniōn), ‘(the) ascending sun’
πρὸς ἀνιόντα ἥλιον (pros anionta hēlion), ‘towards (the) ascending sun’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’
522–3
ἠώς (ēōs), dawn’; ἕως (heōs) in Attic dialect
ἀπὸ ἠοῦς (apo ēous), ‘from (the) dawn’, Herodotos 2. 8; ἀπὸ τῆς ἠοῦς (apo tēs ēōus),
‘from the dawn’, Airs, Waters, and Places 6
ἐπὶ ἕω (epi heō), ‘to (the) dawn’, Eratosthenes fr. 72 (Arrian, Indike 3. 1–5)
πρὸς ἠῶ τ’ ἠέλιόν τε (pros ēō t’ ēelion te), ‘towards dawn and sun’, Iliad 12. 239
Sun, Sea, and Sky: On Translating Directions (and Other Terms) in the Greek Geographers
τὰ προσάρκτια μέρη (ta prosarktia merē), ‘the parts towards the bears (from these)’, i.e.
to the north of these, Timosthenes fr. 5 (Strabo 2. 1. 41)
τὴν προσάρκτιον τῆς Εὐρώπης πᾶσαν (tēn prosarktian tēs Europēs pasan), ‘all the part
of Europe towards the bear(s)’, Polybios 34. 5. 9
East
ἀνατολή (anatolē), ‘a rising’
ἀπὸ (or ἀπ’) ἀνατολῆς (apo anatolēs), ‘from (the) rising’, Agatharchides 10 (Photios);
Ps.-Aristotle 4; Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
ἐν ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς (en tais anatolais), ‘in the risings’, Hekataios fr. 18b (scholiast on
Apollonios Rhodios, Argonautika 4. 284)
ἐντὸς ἀνατολῶν (entos anatolōn), ‘within (the) risings’, ‘Pseudo-Skymnos’ 270
πρὸς ἀνατολάς (pros anatolas), ‘towards (the) risings’, Theophrastos, History of Plants
9. 15. 2; πρὸς τὰς ἀνατολάς (pros tas anatolas), Polybios 2. 14. 4
with ἥλιος (hēlios), ‘sun’: ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολέων (apo hēliou anatoleōn), ‘from (the)
risings of (the) sun’, Ionic, Herodotos 4. 8; πρὸς ἡλίου ἀνατολάς (pros hēliou anatolas),
‘towards (the) risings of (the) sun’, Ps.-Skylax 47. 2
special forms: ἀπὸ ἰσημερινῆς ἀνατολῆς (apo isēmerinēs anatolēs), ‘from (the) equidiurnal (i.e. equinoctial) rising’, i.e. from due west, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6) bis;
ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὰς ἰσημερινὰς (sc. ἀνατολὰς τόπου) (apo tou peri tas isēmerinas, sc. anatolas topou), ‘from the (place) around the equidiurnal (i.e. equinoctial) (risings), i.e. around
due west, Ps.-Aristotle 4
adj. ἀνατολικός (anatolikos), ‘of (the) rising’, Hipparchos fr. 21 (Strabo 2. 1. 27)
τὸ ἀνατολικὸν (ἡμισφαίριον) (to anatolikon, sc. hēmisphairion), ‘the hemisphere of
(the) rising’, Strabo 2. 3. 2
comparative: ἀνατολικώτερος (anatolikōteros), ‘more in/towards (the) rising(s)’, i.e.
further east, Hipparchos fr. 21 (Strabo 2. 1. 27)
superlative: ἀνατολικώτατος (anatolikōtatos), ‘most in/towards (the) rising(s)’, i.e. furthest east, Markianos 6
ἥλιος ἀνατέλλων (hēlios anatellōn), ‘(the) rising sun’
τὰ πρὸς … ἥλιον ἀνατέλλοντα (ta pros … hēlion anatellonta), ‘the parts towards (the)
rising sun’, Herodotos 4. 40
ἥλιος ἀνίσχων (hēlios anischōn), ‘(the) sun emerging’
πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα (pros hēlion anischonta), ‘towards (the) emerging sun’, Hanno,
3; Hekataios fr. 204 (Stephanos of Byzantion s.v. Χοιράδες); Ps.-Skylax 47. 4; Herodotos
3. 98
ἥλιος ἀνιών (hēlios aniōn), ‘(the) ascending sun’
πρὸς ἀνιόντα ἥλιον (pros anionta hēlion), ‘towards (the) ascending sun’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’
522–3
ἠώς (ēōs), dawn’; ἕως (heōs) in Attic dialect
ἀπὸ ἠοῦς (apo ēous), ‘from (the) dawn’, Herodotos 2. 8; ἀπὸ τῆς ἠοῦς (apo tēs ēōus),
‘from the dawn’, Airs, Waters, and Places 6
ἐπὶ ἕω (epi heō), ‘to (the) dawn’, Eratosthenes fr. 72 (Arrian, Indike 3. 1–5)
πρὸς ἠῶ τ’ ἠέλιόν τε (pros ēō t’ ēelion te), ‘towards dawn and sun’, Iliad 12. 239
Sun, Sea, and Sky: On Translating Directions (and Other Terms) in the Greek Geographers