126
Appendices
The two catalogues below are illustrative, not comprehensive. In this section of the
paper, translations below are strictly literal unless prefixed by ‘i.e.’ Some noun
phrases are converted to the nominative case. The prefix ‘Ps.-’ means ‘Pseudo-’.
57
Some citations are accompanied by a reference to their original context: e.g.
Timosthenes fr. 3 is a quotation or paraphrase preserved in the surviving treatise of
Agathemeros at 2. 6. Citations of Agatharchides are accompanied by ‘(Photios)’ or
by a citation of Diodoros because our extensive derive from long summaries in
those two authors (those of Photios, though later, being generally more accurate).
For approximate dates of authors, see n. 3 above.
Appendix 1: Examples of Celestial Directions
North
ἄρκτος (arktos), ‘bear’, pl. ἄρκτοι (arktoi), ‘bears’
ἀπὸ ἄρκτου (apo arktou), ‘from (the) bear’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6); Ps.Aristotle 4; ἀπὸ τῆς ἄρκτου (apo tēs arktou), ‘from the bear’, Agatharchides 10 (Photios)
ἀπὸ ἄρκτων (apo arktōn), ‘from (the) bears’, Markianos 6; ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων (apo tōn
arktōn), ‘from the bears’, Airs, Waters, and Places 3
ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρκτους (epi tous arktous), ‘to the bears’, Markianos 6
πρὸς ἄρκτον (pros arkton), ‘towards (the) bear’, Herodotos 1. 148; Hipparchos fr. 21
(Strabo 2. 1. 27); Hypotyposis 53; πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους (pros tas arktous), ‘towards the bears’,
Agatharchides 43b (Diodoros 3. 19. 1)
adj. ἀρκτικός (arktikos), ‘of (the) bear(s)’
τὰ ἀρκτικά (ta arktika), ‘the (places) of the bear(s)’, Dikaiarchos fr. 124 (Strabo 2. 4.
2); = Arctic circles, Eratosthenes fr. 44 (Geminus 15)
ἀρκτικὸς πόλος (arktikos polos), ‘pole of the bear(s)’, Ps.-Aristotle 2 (also ἀνταρκτικὸς
πόλος, antarktikos polos, ‘pole opposite the bears’—the unknown South Pole)
comparative: ἀρκτικώτερος (arktikōteros), ‘more of/towards the bear(s)’, i.e. ‘more
northerly’, ‘further north’, Hipparchos fr. 11 (Strabo 1. 1. 12)
adj. ἀρκτῷος (arktōios), ‘of (the) bear(s)’
ἀρκτῴοιο … βορέαο (arktōioio … boreao), ‘of Boreas of the bear(s)’ (Homeric dialect), Dionysios Periegetes 519
ὁ ἀρκτῷος ὠκεανὸς (ho arktōös ōkeanos), ‘the ocean of the bear(s)’, i.e. the northern
or Arctic part of the Ocean, Markianos 1
adj. προσάρκτιος (prosarktios), ‘by/towards (the) bear(s)’, Strabo 1. 4. 5
57 The name ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ is in quotation marks because the attribution of the Hellenistic poem to
the real Skymnos of Chios is not a suggestion made in any manuscript but a hypothesis of the early
modern period, now disproved. The work would better be called ‘Anonymous, Iambics to King
Nikomedes’, but ‘Pseudo-Skymnos’ has stuck.
D. G. J. Shipley
Appendices
The two catalogues below are illustrative, not comprehensive. In this section of the
paper, translations below are strictly literal unless prefixed by ‘i.e.’ Some noun
phrases are converted to the nominative case. The prefix ‘Ps.-’ means ‘Pseudo-’.
57
Some citations are accompanied by a reference to their original context: e.g.
Timosthenes fr. 3 is a quotation or paraphrase preserved in the surviving treatise of
Agathemeros at 2. 6. Citations of Agatharchides are accompanied by ‘(Photios)’ or
by a citation of Diodoros because our extensive derive from long summaries in
those two authors (those of Photios, though later, being generally more accurate).
For approximate dates of authors, see n. 3 above.
Appendix 1: Examples of Celestial Directions
North
ἄρκτος (arktos), ‘bear’, pl. ἄρκτοι (arktoi), ‘bears’
ἀπὸ ἄρκτου (apo arktou), ‘from (the) bear’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6); Ps.Aristotle 4; ἀπὸ τῆς ἄρκτου (apo tēs arktou), ‘from the bear’, Agatharchides 10 (Photios)
ἀπὸ ἄρκτων (apo arktōn), ‘from (the) bears’, Markianos 6; ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων (apo tōn
arktōn), ‘from the bears’, Airs, Waters, and Places 3
ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρκτους (epi tous arktous), ‘to the bears’, Markianos 6
πρὸς ἄρκτον (pros arkton), ‘towards (the) bear’, Herodotos 1. 148; Hipparchos fr. 21
(Strabo 2. 1. 27); Hypotyposis 53; πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους (pros tas arktous), ‘towards the bears’,
Agatharchides 43b (Diodoros 3. 19. 1)
adj. ἀρκτικός (arktikos), ‘of (the) bear(s)’
τὰ ἀρκτικά (ta arktika), ‘the (places) of the bear(s)’, Dikaiarchos fr. 124 (Strabo 2. 4.
2); = Arctic circles, Eratosthenes fr. 44 (Geminus 15)
ἀρκτικὸς πόλος (arktikos polos), ‘pole of the bear(s)’, Ps.-Aristotle 2 (also ἀνταρκτικὸς
πόλος, antarktikos polos, ‘pole opposite the bears’—the unknown South Pole)
comparative: ἀρκτικώτερος (arktikōteros), ‘more of/towards the bear(s)’, i.e. ‘more
northerly’, ‘further north’, Hipparchos fr. 11 (Strabo 1. 1. 12)
adj. ἀρκτῷος (arktōios), ‘of (the) bear(s)’
ἀρκτῴοιο … βορέαο (arktōioio … boreao), ‘of Boreas of the bear(s)’ (Homeric dialect), Dionysios Periegetes 519
ὁ ἀρκτῷος ὠκεανὸς (ho arktōös ōkeanos), ‘the ocean of the bear(s)’, i.e. the northern
or Arctic part of the Ocean, Markianos 1
adj. προσάρκτιος (prosarktios), ‘by/towards (the) bear(s)’, Strabo 1. 4. 5
57 The name ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ is in quotation marks because the attribution of the Hellenistic poem to
the real Skymnos of Chios is not a suggestion made in any manuscript but a hypothesis of the early
modern period, now disproved. The work would better be called ‘Anonymous, Iambics to King
Nikomedes’, but ‘Pseudo-Skymnos’ has stuck.
D. G. J. Shipley