180
5 Optical Measurement Techniques
57. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, A. Baas, B. Deveaud, R. Andre, J.-P. Poizat, L.S. Dang, Secondorder time correlations within a polariton bose-einstein condensate in a CdTe microcavity.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 067402 (2008)
58. M. Assmann, J.-S. Tempel, F. Veit, M. Bayer, A. Rahimi-Iman, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, S.
Reitzenstein, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, From polariton condensates to highly photonic quantum degenerate states of bosonic matter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 1804–1809 (2011)
59. A. Rahimi-Iman, A.V. Chernenko, J. Fischer, S. Brodbeck, M. Amthor, C. Schneider, A.
Forchel, S. Höfling, S. Reitzenstein, M. Kamp, Coherence signatures and density-dependent
interaction in a dynamical exciton-polariton condensate. Phys. Rev. B 86, 155308 (2012)
60. M. Amthor, S. Weissenseel, J. Fischer, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, Electro-optical
switching between polariton and cavity lasing in an ingaas quantum well microcavity. Opt.
Express 22, 31146–31153 (2014)
61. A.V. Chernenko, A. Rahimi-lman, J. Fischer, M. Amthor, C. Schneider, S. Reitzenstein, A.
Forchel, S. Hoefling, Polariton condensate coherence in planar microcavities in a magnetic
field. Semiconductors 50, 1609–1613 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782616120058
62. S. Kim, B. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Fischer, S. Brodbeck, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, H.
Deng, Coherent polariton laser. Phys. Rev. X 6, 011026 (2016)
63. C. Jin, E.C. Regan, A. Yan, M. Iqbal Bakti Utama, D. Wang, S. Zhao, Y. Qin, S. Yang,
Z. Zheng, S. Shi, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Tongay, A. Zettl, and F. Wang, Observation
of moiré excitons in WSe 2 /WS 2 heterostructure superlattices. Nature 567, 76–80 (2019)
64. K. He, N. Kumar, L. Zhao, Z. Wang, K.F. Mak, H. Zhao, J. Shan, Tightly bound excitons in
monolayer WSe 2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 026803 (2014)
65. A. Chernikov, T.C. Berkelbach, H.M. Hill, A. Rigosi, Y. Li, O.B. Aslan, D.R. Reichman,
M.S. Hybertsen, T.F. Heinz, Exciton binding energy and nonhydrogenic rydberg series in
monolayer WSe 2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 076802 (2014)
66. L.M. Schneider, S.S. Esdaille, D.A. Rhodes, K. Barmak, J.C. Hone, A. Rahimi-Iman, Shedding light on exciton’s nature in monolayer quantum material by optical dispersion measurements. Opt. Express 27, 37131–37149 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.037131
67. I.I. Rabi, Space quantization in a gyrating magnetic field. Phys. Rev. 51, 652–654 (1937)
68. M. Brune, F. Schmidt-Kaler, A. Maali, J. Dreyer, E. Hagley, J.M. Raimond, S. Haroche,
Quantum rabi oscillation: a direct test of field quantization in a cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76,
1800–1803 (1996)
69. C.F. Klingshirn, Semiconductor optics (Springer, 2012)
70. W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy 1: Basic Principles, 5th edn. (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg,
2014)
71. Z. Ye, T. Cao, K. O’Brien, H. Zhu, X. Yin, Y. Wang, S.G. Louie, X. Zhang, Probing excitonic
dark states in single-layer tungsten disulphide. Nature 513, 214–218 (2014)
72. H.M. Hill, A.F. Rigosi, C. Roquelet, A. Chernikov, T.C. Berkelbach, D.R. Reichman, M.S.
Hybertsen, L.E. Brus, T.F. Heinz, Observation of excitonic rydberg states in monolayer MoS 2
and WS 2 by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 15, 2992–2997 (2015)
73. Y. You, X.-X. Zhang, T.C. Berkelbach, M.S. Hybertsen, D.R. Reichman, T.F. Heinz, Observation of biexcitons in monolayer WSe 2 . Nat. Phys. 11, 477–481 (2015)
74. S.-Y. Chen, T. Goldstein, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, J. Yan, Coulomb-bound four- and fiveparticle intervalley states in an atomically-thin semiconductor. Nat. Commun. 9, 1–8 (2018)
75. M. Barbone, A.R.-P. Montblanch, D.M. Kara, C. Palacios-Berraquero, A.R. Cadore, D.D.
Fazio, B. Pingault, E. Mostaani, H. Li, B. Chen, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Tongay, G.
Wang, A.C. Ferrari, M. Atatüre, Charge-tuneable biexciton complexes in monolayer WSe 2 .
Nat. Commun. 9, 1–6 (2018)
76. G. Wang, C. Robert, M.M. Glazov, F. Cadiz, E. Courtade, T. Amand, D. Lagarde, T. Taniguchi,
K. Watanabe, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, In-plane propagation of light in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: optical selection rules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 047401 (2017)
77. I.I. Brener, M. Olszakier, E. Cohen, E. Ehrenfreund, A. Ron, L. Pfeiffer, Particle localization
and phonon sidebands in GaAs/AlxGa 1−x As multiple quantum wells. Phys. Rev. B 46, 7927–
7930 (1992)
5 Optical Measurement Techniques
57. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, A. Baas, B. Deveaud, R. Andre, J.-P. Poizat, L.S. Dang, Secondorder time correlations within a polariton bose-einstein condensate in a CdTe microcavity.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 067402 (2008)
58. M. Assmann, J.-S. Tempel, F. Veit, M. Bayer, A. Rahimi-Iman, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, S.
Reitzenstein, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, From polariton condensates to highly photonic quantum degenerate states of bosonic matter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 1804–1809 (2011)
59. A. Rahimi-Iman, A.V. Chernenko, J. Fischer, S. Brodbeck, M. Amthor, C. Schneider, A.
Forchel, S. Höfling, S. Reitzenstein, M. Kamp, Coherence signatures and density-dependent
interaction in a dynamical exciton-polariton condensate. Phys. Rev. B 86, 155308 (2012)
60. M. Amthor, S. Weissenseel, J. Fischer, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, Electro-optical
switching between polariton and cavity lasing in an ingaas quantum well microcavity. Opt.
Express 22, 31146–31153 (2014)
61. A.V. Chernenko, A. Rahimi-lman, J. Fischer, M. Amthor, C. Schneider, S. Reitzenstein, A.
Forchel, S. Hoefling, Polariton condensate coherence in planar microcavities in a magnetic
field. Semiconductors 50, 1609–1613 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782616120058
62. S. Kim, B. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Fischer, S. Brodbeck, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, H.
Deng, Coherent polariton laser. Phys. Rev. X 6, 011026 (2016)
63. C. Jin, E.C. Regan, A. Yan, M. Iqbal Bakti Utama, D. Wang, S. Zhao, Y. Qin, S. Yang,
Z. Zheng, S. Shi, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Tongay, A. Zettl, and F. Wang, Observation
of moiré excitons in WSe 2 /WS 2 heterostructure superlattices. Nature 567, 76–80 (2019)
64. K. He, N. Kumar, L. Zhao, Z. Wang, K.F. Mak, H. Zhao, J. Shan, Tightly bound excitons in
monolayer WSe 2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 026803 (2014)
65. A. Chernikov, T.C. Berkelbach, H.M. Hill, A. Rigosi, Y. Li, O.B. Aslan, D.R. Reichman,
M.S. Hybertsen, T.F. Heinz, Exciton binding energy and nonhydrogenic rydberg series in
monolayer WSe 2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 076802 (2014)
66. L.M. Schneider, S.S. Esdaille, D.A. Rhodes, K. Barmak, J.C. Hone, A. Rahimi-Iman, Shedding light on exciton’s nature in monolayer quantum material by optical dispersion measurements. Opt. Express 27, 37131–37149 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.037131
67. I.I. Rabi, Space quantization in a gyrating magnetic field. Phys. Rev. 51, 652–654 (1937)
68. M. Brune, F. Schmidt-Kaler, A. Maali, J. Dreyer, E. Hagley, J.M. Raimond, S. Haroche,
Quantum rabi oscillation: a direct test of field quantization in a cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76,
1800–1803 (1996)
69. C.F. Klingshirn, Semiconductor optics (Springer, 2012)
70. W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy 1: Basic Principles, 5th edn. (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg,
2014)
71. Z. Ye, T. Cao, K. O’Brien, H. Zhu, X. Yin, Y. Wang, S.G. Louie, X. Zhang, Probing excitonic
dark states in single-layer tungsten disulphide. Nature 513, 214–218 (2014)
72. H.M. Hill, A.F. Rigosi, C. Roquelet, A. Chernikov, T.C. Berkelbach, D.R. Reichman, M.S.
Hybertsen, L.E. Brus, T.F. Heinz, Observation of excitonic rydberg states in monolayer MoS 2
and WS 2 by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 15, 2992–2997 (2015)
73. Y. You, X.-X. Zhang, T.C. Berkelbach, M.S. Hybertsen, D.R. Reichman, T.F. Heinz, Observation of biexcitons in monolayer WSe 2 . Nat. Phys. 11, 477–481 (2015)
74. S.-Y. Chen, T. Goldstein, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, J. Yan, Coulomb-bound four- and fiveparticle intervalley states in an atomically-thin semiconductor. Nat. Commun. 9, 1–8 (2018)
75. M. Barbone, A.R.-P. Montblanch, D.M. Kara, C. Palacios-Berraquero, A.R. Cadore, D.D.
Fazio, B. Pingault, E. Mostaani, H. Li, B. Chen, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Tongay, G.
Wang, A.C. Ferrari, M. Atatüre, Charge-tuneable biexciton complexes in monolayer WSe 2 .
Nat. Commun. 9, 1–6 (2018)
76. G. Wang, C. Robert, M.M. Glazov, F. Cadiz, E. Courtade, T. Amand, D. Lagarde, T. Taniguchi,
K. Watanabe, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, In-plane propagation of light in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: optical selection rules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 047401 (2017)
77. I.I. Brener, M. Olszakier, E. Cohen, E. Ehrenfreund, A. Ron, L. Pfeiffer, Particle localization
and phonon sidebands in GaAs/AlxGa 1−x As multiple quantum wells. Phys. Rev. B 46, 7927–
7930 (1992)