92
3 Light–Matter Interactions for Photonic Applications
142. A.A. High, J.R. Leonard, M. Remeika, L.V. Butov, M. Hanson, A.C. Gossard, Condensation
of excitons in a trap. Nano Lett. 12, 2605–2609 (2012)
143. M.M. Fogler, L.V. Butov, K.S. Novoselov, High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 5, 4555 (2014)
144. Z. Wang, D.A. Rhodes, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, J.C. Hone, J. Shan, K.F. Mak, Evidence
of high-temperature exciton condensation in two-dimensional atomic double layers. Nature
574, 76–80 (2019)
145. J.P. Eisenstein, A.H. MacDonald, Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron
systems. Nature 432, 691–694 (2004)
146. X. Liu, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, B.I. Halperin, P. Kim, Quantum Hall drag of exciton
condensate in graphene. Nat. Phys. 13, 746–750 (2017)
147. J.P. Eisenstein, L.N. Pfeiffer, K.W. West, Precursors to exciton condensation in quantum Hall
bilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett 123, 066802 (2019)
148. E.U. Rafailov, M.A. Cataluna, W. Sibbett, Mode-locked quantum-dot lasers. Nat. Photonics
1, 395–401 (2007)
149. M. Gaafar, D.A. Nakdali, C. Möller, K.A. Fedorova, M. Wichmann, M.K. Shakfa, F. Zhang,
A. Rahimi-Iman, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, Self-mode-locked quantum-dot vertical-externalcavity surface-emitting laser. Opt. Lett. 39, 4623–4626 (2014)
150. M.A. Gaafar, A. Rahimi-Iman, K.A. Fedorova, W. Stolz, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, Modelocked semiconductor disk lasers. Adv. Opt. Photonics 8, 370–400 (2016)
151. D. Al Nakdali, M.K. Shakfa, M. Gaafar, M. Butkus, K.A. Fedorova, M. Zulonas, M. Wichmann, F. Zhang, B. Heinen, A. Rahimi-Iman, W. Stolz, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, High-power
quantum-dot vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser exceeding 8 W. IEEE Photonics
Technol. Lett. 26, 1561–1564 (2014)
152. D. Al Nakdali, M. Gaafar, M.K. Shakfa, F. Zhang, M. Vaupel, K.A. Fedorova, A. RahimiIman, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, High-power operation of quantum-dot semiconductor disk
laser at 1180 nm. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27, 1128–1131 (2015)
153. A. Rahimi-Iman, Recent advances in VECSELs. J. Opt. 18, 093003 (2016)
154. C. Weisbuch, B. Vinter, Quantum Semiconductor Structures: Fundamentals and Applications
(Academic, Cambridge, 1991)
155. J.H. Davies, The Physics of Low-dimensional Semiconductors: An Introduction (Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1998)
156. A.E. Almand-Hunter, H. Li, S.T. Cundiff, M. Mootz, M. Kira, S.W. Koch, Quantum droplets
of electrons and holes. Nature 506(7489), 471–475 (2014)
157. K.B. Tolpygo, Physical properties of a rock salt lattice made up of deformable ions. Sov. Phys.
JETP 20(6), 497–509 (1950). in Russian
158. S.I. Pekar, Theory of electromagnetic waves in a crystal with excitons. J. Phys. Chem. Solids
5, 11 (1958)
159. L.M. Schneider, S.S. Esdaille, D.A. Rhodes, K. Barmak, J.C. Hone, A. Rahimi-Iman, Shedding light on exciton’s nature in monolayer quantum material by optical dispersion measurements. Opt. Express 27, 37131–37149 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.037131
160. L.M. Schneider, S.S. Esdaille, D.A. Rhodes, K. Barmak, J.C. Hone, A. Rahimi-Iman, Direct
measurement of the radiative pattern of bright and dark excitons and exciton complexes in
encapsulated tungsten diselenide. Sci. Rep. 10, 8091 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598020-64838-z
161. J.J. Hopfield, D.G. Thomas, Theoretical and experimental effects of spatial dispersion on the
optical properties of crystals. Phys. Rev. 132, 563–572 (1963)
162. S. Suga, K. Cho, P. Hiesinger, T. Koda, Luminescence of exciton-polaritons in semiconductors.
J. Lumin. 12–13, 109–117 (1976)
163. V.M. Agranovich, V. Ginzburg, Chrystal Optics with Spatial Dispersion, and Excitons, 2nd
edn. (Springer, Berlin, 1984)
164. W.J. Rappel, L.F. Feiner, M.F.H. Schuurmans, Exciton-polariton picture of the free-exciton
lifetime in GaAs. Phys. Rev. B 38, 7874–7876 (1988)
3 Light–Matter Interactions for Photonic Applications
142. A.A. High, J.R. Leonard, M. Remeika, L.V. Butov, M. Hanson, A.C. Gossard, Condensation
of excitons in a trap. Nano Lett. 12, 2605–2609 (2012)
143. M.M. Fogler, L.V. Butov, K.S. Novoselov, High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 5, 4555 (2014)
144. Z. Wang, D.A. Rhodes, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, J.C. Hone, J. Shan, K.F. Mak, Evidence
of high-temperature exciton condensation in two-dimensional atomic double layers. Nature
574, 76–80 (2019)
145. J.P. Eisenstein, A.H. MacDonald, Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron
systems. Nature 432, 691–694 (2004)
146. X. Liu, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, B.I. Halperin, P. Kim, Quantum Hall drag of exciton
condensate in graphene. Nat. Phys. 13, 746–750 (2017)
147. J.P. Eisenstein, L.N. Pfeiffer, K.W. West, Precursors to exciton condensation in quantum Hall
bilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett 123, 066802 (2019)
148. E.U. Rafailov, M.A. Cataluna, W. Sibbett, Mode-locked quantum-dot lasers. Nat. Photonics
1, 395–401 (2007)
149. M. Gaafar, D.A. Nakdali, C. Möller, K.A. Fedorova, M. Wichmann, M.K. Shakfa, F. Zhang,
A. Rahimi-Iman, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, Self-mode-locked quantum-dot vertical-externalcavity surface-emitting laser. Opt. Lett. 39, 4623–4626 (2014)
150. M.A. Gaafar, A. Rahimi-Iman, K.A. Fedorova, W. Stolz, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, Modelocked semiconductor disk lasers. Adv. Opt. Photonics 8, 370–400 (2016)
151. D. Al Nakdali, M.K. Shakfa, M. Gaafar, M. Butkus, K.A. Fedorova, M. Zulonas, M. Wichmann, F. Zhang, B. Heinen, A. Rahimi-Iman, W. Stolz, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, High-power
quantum-dot vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser exceeding 8 W. IEEE Photonics
Technol. Lett. 26, 1561–1564 (2014)
152. D. Al Nakdali, M. Gaafar, M.K. Shakfa, F. Zhang, M. Vaupel, K.A. Fedorova, A. RahimiIman, E.U. Rafailov, M. Koch, High-power operation of quantum-dot semiconductor disk
laser at 1180 nm. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27, 1128–1131 (2015)
153. A. Rahimi-Iman, Recent advances in VECSELs. J. Opt. 18, 093003 (2016)
154. C. Weisbuch, B. Vinter, Quantum Semiconductor Structures: Fundamentals and Applications
(Academic, Cambridge, 1991)
155. J.H. Davies, The Physics of Low-dimensional Semiconductors: An Introduction (Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1998)
156. A.E. Almand-Hunter, H. Li, S.T. Cundiff, M. Mootz, M. Kira, S.W. Koch, Quantum droplets
of electrons and holes. Nature 506(7489), 471–475 (2014)
157. K.B. Tolpygo, Physical properties of a rock salt lattice made up of deformable ions. Sov. Phys.
JETP 20(6), 497–509 (1950). in Russian
158. S.I. Pekar, Theory of electromagnetic waves in a crystal with excitons. J. Phys. Chem. Solids
5, 11 (1958)
159. L.M. Schneider, S.S. Esdaille, D.A. Rhodes, K. Barmak, J.C. Hone, A. Rahimi-Iman, Shedding light on exciton’s nature in monolayer quantum material by optical dispersion measurements. Opt. Express 27, 37131–37149 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.037131
160. L.M. Schneider, S.S. Esdaille, D.A. Rhodes, K. Barmak, J.C. Hone, A. Rahimi-Iman, Direct
measurement of the radiative pattern of bright and dark excitons and exciton complexes in
encapsulated tungsten diselenide. Sci. Rep. 10, 8091 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598020-64838-z
161. J.J. Hopfield, D.G. Thomas, Theoretical and experimental effects of spatial dispersion on the
optical properties of crystals. Phys. Rev. 132, 563–572 (1963)
162. S. Suga, K. Cho, P. Hiesinger, T. Koda, Luminescence of exciton-polaritons in semiconductors.
J. Lumin. 12–13, 109–117 (1976)
163. V.M. Agranovich, V. Ginzburg, Chrystal Optics with Spatial Dispersion, and Excitons, 2nd
edn. (Springer, Berlin, 1984)
164. W.J. Rappel, L.F. Feiner, M.F.H. Schuurmans, Exciton-polariton picture of the free-exciton
lifetime in GaAs. Phys. Rev. B 38, 7874–7876 (1988)