2 Bio-microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) …
65
within 90 min. The machine itself offered a combination of advantages provided by
enzymatic signal amplification and toehold-initiated RCA.
2.6 Summary
Colorimetric detection can be done visually, hence no expensive equipment or much
time is needed. Paper-based devices that operate based on colorimetric detection
strategy have improved the accessibility, speed, and accuracy of tests while offering
considerable cost effectiveness. Smartphones and tablets opened yet another window
of opportunity to easy and onsite analysis of the readout results. By combining
microfluidics with the μPADs, the advantages of these devices are as μPAD with
colorimetric results attract even more attention due to its simplicity, versatility,
straightforward detection results and applicability, especially in point of care analysis
without advanced instruments (Li et al. 2018). Microfluidic colorimetric biosensors
offer small size, high precision with small sample size, simple operation, and low cost
(Mao et al. 2017). Overall, colorimetric-based enzymatic assays are fast, adaptable,
and cost-effective while allowing the color change to be seen by the naked eye or by
digital sensors (Li et al. 2019c). Centrifugal microfluidic devices present excellent
opportunity to detect a variety of biomolecules for different applications. While the
literature has witnessed a great deal of advancements in fabrication and application
of BioMEMS for colorimetric biosensing, further optimization of these devices for
high throughput detection present an opportunity for further improvement.
References
Aldewachi H, Chalati T, Woodroofe MN, Bricklebank N, Sharrack B, Gardiner P (2018) Gold
nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors. Nanoscale 10(1):18–33. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7n
r06367a
Ballerini DR, Li X, Shen W (2011) An inexpensive thread-based system for simple and rapid blood
grouping. Anal Bioanal Chem 399(5):1869–1875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4588-5
Bhandari P, Narahari T, Dendukuri D (2011) Fab-chips: a versatile, fabric-based platform for lowcost, rapid and multiplexed diagnostics. Lab Chip 11(15):2493–2499. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1l
c20373h
Cha KH, Jensen GC, Balijepalli AS, Cohan BE, Meyerhoff ME (2014) Evaluation of commercial
glucometer test strips for potential measurement of glucose in tears. Anal Chem 86(3):1902–1908.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac4040168
Choi JR et al (2016) An integrated paper-based sample-to-answer biosensor for nucleic acid testing
at the point of care. Lab Chip 16(3):611–621. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5lc01388g
Eaton K, Sallee F, Sah R (2007) Relevance of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in psychiatry. Curr Top Med
Chem 7(17):1645–1659. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802607782341037
Evans D et al (2017) An assay system for point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis using commercially
manufactured PCB technology. Sci Rep 7(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00783-8
65
within 90 min. The machine itself offered a combination of advantages provided by
enzymatic signal amplification and toehold-initiated RCA.
2.6 Summary
Colorimetric detection can be done visually, hence no expensive equipment or much
time is needed. Paper-based devices that operate based on colorimetric detection
strategy have improved the accessibility, speed, and accuracy of tests while offering
considerable cost effectiveness. Smartphones and tablets opened yet another window
of opportunity to easy and onsite analysis of the readout results. By combining
microfluidics with the μPADs, the advantages of these devices are as μPAD with
colorimetric results attract even more attention due to its simplicity, versatility,
straightforward detection results and applicability, especially in point of care analysis
without advanced instruments (Li et al. 2018). Microfluidic colorimetric biosensors
offer small size, high precision with small sample size, simple operation, and low cost
(Mao et al. 2017). Overall, colorimetric-based enzymatic assays are fast, adaptable,
and cost-effective while allowing the color change to be seen by the naked eye or by
digital sensors (Li et al. 2019c). Centrifugal microfluidic devices present excellent
opportunity to detect a variety of biomolecules for different applications. While the
literature has witnessed a great deal of advancements in fabrication and application
of BioMEMS for colorimetric biosensing, further optimization of these devices for
high throughput detection present an opportunity for further improvement.
References
Aldewachi H, Chalati T, Woodroofe MN, Bricklebank N, Sharrack B, Gardiner P (2018) Gold
nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors. Nanoscale 10(1):18–33. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7n
r06367a
Ballerini DR, Li X, Shen W (2011) An inexpensive thread-based system for simple and rapid blood
grouping. Anal Bioanal Chem 399(5):1869–1875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4588-5
Bhandari P, Narahari T, Dendukuri D (2011) Fab-chips: a versatile, fabric-based platform for lowcost, rapid and multiplexed diagnostics. Lab Chip 11(15):2493–2499. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1l
c20373h
Cha KH, Jensen GC, Balijepalli AS, Cohan BE, Meyerhoff ME (2014) Evaluation of commercial
glucometer test strips for potential measurement of glucose in tears. Anal Chem 86(3):1902–1908.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac4040168
Choi JR et al (2016) An integrated paper-based sample-to-answer biosensor for nucleic acid testing
at the point of care. Lab Chip 16(3):611–621. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5lc01388g
Eaton K, Sallee F, Sah R (2007) Relevance of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in psychiatry. Curr Top Med
Chem 7(17):1645–1659. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802607782341037
Evans D et al (2017) An assay system for point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis using commercially
manufactured PCB technology. Sci Rep 7(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00783-8