100
A. S. Cerda-Kipper and S. Hosseini
use in different domains especially in cell culture and organ-on-a-chip applications
(Pfeiffer et al. 2017). Some of the latest examples of the microfluidics BioMEMS
used for luminescence detection are summarized in Table 4.1.
4.2 Luminescence Detection Strategy
Luminescence can be defined as an emission by an atom or a molecule following the
absorption of light energy and entering into an excited state (Drami´ canin 2018). It
is triggered by the movement of electrons between different states of energy, paired
with changes in the energy. The luminescent phenomenon happens when excess
of energy is released by electron radiative transitions, for example by discharge of
ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light. Based on the used energy for excitation of the electronic transitions, luminescence is categorized into different types:
photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, thermoluminescence,
electroluminescence, etc. (Drami´ canin 2018).
Luminescent sensing is based on the application of luminescent agents that alter
their optical properties when in contact with the target analyte. There is a broad
spectrum of applications for luminescence-based sensors, including the biology and
medicine fields (De Acha et al.2017). Luminescence detection facilitate fabrication of remote (Sun et al. 2016) and non-invasive (Pasinszki et al. 2017) measurement systems for medical application as well as devices for environmental analysis. This technique has proven to have higher sensitivity than other detection
methods including the colorimetric analysis (Davies et al. 2003). Some examples
of luminescent biosensors are discussed in Table 4.1.
4.3 Recent Advances of Luminescence Detection
in Microfluidic BioMEMS
4.3.1 Recent Advances of Luminescence Detection
in Lab-On-Chip (LOC) Devices
Various efforts were made to integrate luminescent detection method into BioMEMS
devices. Lab-on-chip (LOC) devices are some of the most applied platforms for
luminescent biorecognition. Gärtner et al. (2015) presented a collection of microfluidic tools for cell culture while resembling in-vivo environment, thus permitting a
greater understanding and a better control over cell behavior. The study demonstrated the development of a Multi-organ-tissue-flow (MOTiF) biochip (Table 4.1)
based on the previous work of the authors (Raasch et al. 2015). The microfluidic
cell culture toolbox included microfluidic devices with integrated membranes for
separating liquid stream, and were equipped with a supply of reagents, and a 3D
A. S. Cerda-Kipper and S. Hosseini
use in different domains especially in cell culture and organ-on-a-chip applications
(Pfeiffer et al. 2017). Some of the latest examples of the microfluidics BioMEMS
used for luminescence detection are summarized in Table 4.1.
4.2 Luminescence Detection Strategy
Luminescence can be defined as an emission by an atom or a molecule following the
absorption of light energy and entering into an excited state (Drami´ canin 2018). It
is triggered by the movement of electrons between different states of energy, paired
with changes in the energy. The luminescent phenomenon happens when excess
of energy is released by electron radiative transitions, for example by discharge of
ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light. Based on the used energy for excitation of the electronic transitions, luminescence is categorized into different types:
photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, thermoluminescence,
electroluminescence, etc. (Drami´ canin 2018).
Luminescent sensing is based on the application of luminescent agents that alter
their optical properties when in contact with the target analyte. There is a broad
spectrum of applications for luminescence-based sensors, including the biology and
medicine fields (De Acha et al.2017). Luminescence detection facilitate fabrication of remote (Sun et al. 2016) and non-invasive (Pasinszki et al. 2017) measurement systems for medical application as well as devices for environmental analysis. This technique has proven to have higher sensitivity than other detection
methods including the colorimetric analysis (Davies et al. 2003). Some examples
of luminescent biosensors are discussed in Table 4.1.
4.3 Recent Advances of Luminescence Detection
in Microfluidic BioMEMS
4.3.1 Recent Advances of Luminescence Detection
in Lab-On-Chip (LOC) Devices
Various efforts were made to integrate luminescent detection method into BioMEMS
devices. Lab-on-chip (LOC) devices are some of the most applied platforms for
luminescent biorecognition. Gärtner et al. (2015) presented a collection of microfluidic tools for cell culture while resembling in-vivo environment, thus permitting a
greater understanding and a better control over cell behavior. The study demonstrated the development of a Multi-organ-tissue-flow (MOTiF) biochip (Table 4.1)
based on the previous work of the authors (Raasch et al. 2015). The microfluidic
cell culture toolbox included microfluidic devices with integrated membranes for
separating liquid stream, and were equipped with a supply of reagents, and a 3D