3 Bio-microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) in Bio-sensing …
95
as Perceval High Range (PercevalHR). The mechanism of operation in this biosensor
relies on its affinity towards both ATP and ADP, while each reacts to different fluorescent wavelengths. ATP produces a fluorescent response for ~500 nm excitation,
whereas ADP responds to ~420 nm. Through this difference, a ratio can be established for the relative difference between the responses recorded at one excitation
or another, along with a third point (reference) at ~455 nm as an isosbestic fixed
point. The biosensor was tested for neurons successfully. While adequate response
was recorded to three different stimuli presented to disrupt regular metabolic rate
of cells, the measured response was heterogeneous when tested for astrocytes. Such
differences were minimized when pH bias was taken into consideration. The authors
claimed to have recorded distinct responses for both ATP and ADP including the
images recorded by two-photon microscopy. This method, in particular, opens a
possibility for simultaneous screening of different metabolic activity within layers
of a tissue.
3.6 Summary
Recent advances in biosensors based on fluorescent detection demonstrated that the
field of BioMEMS holds great promise for portable and reliable devices capable of
performing high throughput bio-assays. Recent studies point towards the versatility
of fluorescence detection by employing different fluorophores depending on the
materials and reactants involved aimed at optimizing the signal output. The mission
of BioMEMS biosensors is to minimize the sample size, while reducing the time
and expertise required to carry out these lifesaving assays. To this end, papers, as a
class of material that lends an array of properties for integration in various biosensor
platforms made one of the greatest candidates for fluorescence detection. Paper can
be integrated into different designs of LOCs while it can individually serve as a
device itself. Fluorescence detection strategy portrays a series of beneficial features
including high sensitivity, and ease of readout. Nonetheless, the fluorescence may
also suffer from background signal noise, bleaching, and cross talk effects that impose
certain challenges on this widely applied technique (Ramon et al. 2017).
References
Acharya A, Packirisamy M, Izquierdo R (2015) OLED hybrid integrated polymer microfluidic
biosensing for point of care testing. Micromachines 6(9):1406–1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/
mi6091406
Ali J, Najeeb J, Asim Ali M, Farhan Aslam M, Raza A (2017) Biosensors: their fundamentals,
designs, types and most recent impactful applications: a review. J Biosens Bioelectron 08(01).
https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000235
Baldini F (2009) Alexander P. Demchenko: introduction to fluorescence sensing. Anal Bioanal
Chem395(5):1195
95
as Perceval High Range (PercevalHR). The mechanism of operation in this biosensor
relies on its affinity towards both ATP and ADP, while each reacts to different fluorescent wavelengths. ATP produces a fluorescent response for ~500 nm excitation,
whereas ADP responds to ~420 nm. Through this difference, a ratio can be established for the relative difference between the responses recorded at one excitation
or another, along with a third point (reference) at ~455 nm as an isosbestic fixed
point. The biosensor was tested for neurons successfully. While adequate response
was recorded to three different stimuli presented to disrupt regular metabolic rate
of cells, the measured response was heterogeneous when tested for astrocytes. Such
differences were minimized when pH bias was taken into consideration. The authors
claimed to have recorded distinct responses for both ATP and ADP including the
images recorded by two-photon microscopy. This method, in particular, opens a
possibility for simultaneous screening of different metabolic activity within layers
of a tissue.
3.6 Summary
Recent advances in biosensors based on fluorescent detection demonstrated that the
field of BioMEMS holds great promise for portable and reliable devices capable of
performing high throughput bio-assays. Recent studies point towards the versatility
of fluorescence detection by employing different fluorophores depending on the
materials and reactants involved aimed at optimizing the signal output. The mission
of BioMEMS biosensors is to minimize the sample size, while reducing the time
and expertise required to carry out these lifesaving assays. To this end, papers, as a
class of material that lends an array of properties for integration in various biosensor
platforms made one of the greatest candidates for fluorescence detection. Paper can
be integrated into different designs of LOCs while it can individually serve as a
device itself. Fluorescence detection strategy portrays a series of beneficial features
including high sensitivity, and ease of readout. Nonetheless, the fluorescence may
also suffer from background signal noise, bleaching, and cross talk effects that impose
certain challenges on this widely applied technique (Ramon et al. 2017).
References
Acharya A, Packirisamy M, Izquierdo R (2015) OLED hybrid integrated polymer microfluidic
biosensing for point of care testing. Micromachines 6(9):1406–1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/
mi6091406
Ali J, Najeeb J, Asim Ali M, Farhan Aslam M, Raza A (2017) Biosensors: their fundamentals,
designs, types and most recent impactful applications: a review. J Biosens Bioelectron 08(01).
https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000235
Baldini F (2009) Alexander P. Demchenko: introduction to fluorescence sensing. Anal Bioanal
Chem395(5):1195