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Chapter 14
Educating for Environmental Citizenship
in Non-formal Frameworks for Secondary
Level Youth
Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, Daphne Goldman,
Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis, Gema Parra, Katharina Lapin,
Marie- Christine Knippels, and Frans Van Dam
14.1 Characteristics of Non-formal Education Promoting
the Attributes of an Environmental Citizen
For the purpose of this chapter, it is valuable to briefly distinguish between nonformal and informal education – terms that are often used interchangeably. Nonformal and informal learning takes place in out-of-school environments and settings
(e.g. libraries, exhibits, museums, science centres, zoos, aquaria, botanical gardens
and wildlife-based environments, community centres and organisations, etc.).
D. Paraskeva-Hadjichambi (*) · A. Ch. Hadjichambis
Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture, Nicosia, Cyprus
Cyprus Centre for Environmental Research and Education, CYCERE, Lemesos, Cyprus
e-mail: demhad@ucy.ac.cy; a.chadjihambi@cytanet.com.cy
D. Goldman
Department of Environmental Science and Agriculture, Faculty of Education, Beit Berl
College, Kfar Saba, Israel
e-mail: dafnag@netvision.net.il
G. Parra
Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, University of Jaén,
Jaén, Spain
e-mail: gparra@ujaen.es
K. Lapin
Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW- Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für
Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft), Vienna, Austria
e-mail: katharina.lapin@bfw.gv.at
M.-C. Knippels · F. Van Dam
Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: M.C.P.J.Knippels@uu.nl; F.W.vanDam@uu.nl
© The Author(s) 2020
A. Ch. Hadjichambis et al. (eds.), Conceptualizing Environmental Citizenship
for 21st Century Education, Environmental Discourses in Science Education 4,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20249-1_14